The Place of Transnational Migration in the Process of Integration of Azerbaijani Migrants to the European Socio-Cultural Environment

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to study the concept of transnationalism, to study transnational processes in the process of integration of Azerbaijani migrants into the European socio-cultural environment, the level of transnationalism among Azerbaijani migrants.
 The article examines the theoretical foundations of transnationalism and analyzes its practical aspects in the example of Azerbaijani migrants. It is noted that transnationalism explains a new form of intercultural relations between the migrant and the receiving country, which is a new approach that transcends national, state, territorial and political borders. Transnational migration is perceived as a migration model in which migrants cross the borders of national states and settle in a new country, but simultaneously become carriers of socio-cultural values of both origin (sender society) and host (receiver) society, identifys itself with both societies, intensively interacts with the country of origin (sender). 
 The article also examines the activities of the most famous schools and scholars in the field of transnationalism. Among them are Joseph S. Nye, Robert O. Keohane, Martin Albrow, Nina Glick-Schiller, Linda Bash, Christina Szanton-Blanck, Foner N, Pries L, Levitt P. Portes A, Faist T. The integration problems of Azerbaijani immigrants living in European countries are studied from the perspective of transnationalism. It is noted that the number of Azerbaijanis living in Europe living as dual immigrants is increasing. Despite the fact that Azerbaijani migrants live in European countries, they have extensive relations with Azerbaijan, and some even continue their work and cultural life both in Europe and in Azerbaijan. These migrants are engaged both in business and other areas in the country of origin, acquire properties in Azerbaijan, open offices and live an active socio-cultural life almost in both the sending society and the receiving society. It is noted in the article that immigrants with a higher socio-economic status are more likely to act as transnational migrants. Multilateral interaction of immigrants leads to the inclusion in the general sphere of communication of the country that perceives socio-cultural relations with the country of origin. Thus, according to these provisions, migration is not moving of people from one country to another, but a way to expand the space of socio-cultural interaction.