Abstract

This chapter explores the reasons why the once seemingly imperishable Ottoman Empire collapsed despite the initiative, foresight, and benevolence of its leaders. The chapter opens with an examination of the origins and structures of the Ottoman Empire, from their nomadic origins under the Seljuk Empire to the military, economic, and religious institutions that allowed for their eventual rise. The Ottomans’ territorial expansion into the Persian Gulf is then explored, particularly the strategic underpinnings of this conquest. The chapter ends with an examination of the vulnerabilities, both internal and external, that led to the gradual decline of the Ottoman Empire. Keywords: Ottoman Empire; Arabian Peninsula; leadership; military; Muslim rule

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