Abstract
The Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response to different protein antigens of the mammary ductal carcinoma by adult women affected by Breast Cancer (BC) distinguishes at least 103 proteins that differ in their molecular weights (MW). The IgG producing cell clones (nodes) coexist with each other in each individual organism and share energy resources among themselves, as well as factors that control the level of expression and Specificity of their IgG antibodies. So, it can be proposed that among them there is a Network of interconnections (links) unveiled by the antigens, which specifically react with the IgG antibodies produced by the clones. This Network possibly regulates IgG antibodies' activity and effectiveness. We describe the Network of nodes and links that exists between the different antigens and their respective IgG producing cell clones against the extracted protein antigens from the cells of the T47D Cell-Line, in 50 women with BC, 50 women with Benign Breast Pathology (BBP) and 50 women without breast pathology (H). We have found that women with BBP have the highest number of Links, followed by the H group and, lastly, the women with BC, a finding which suggests that cancer interferes with the Connectivity between the IgG producing cell clones and blocks the expression of 322 links in women with BBP and 32 links in women with H. It is also plausible that the largest number of links in the women with BBP indicates the Network’s state of arousal that provides protection against BC. On the other hand, there were many missing links in the BC group of women; the clone which lost more links in the BC group was the hub 24, which point to some of the antigens of T47D as potentially useful as vaccines, as the immune system of women with BBP is well aware of them.
Highlights
Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide, with nearly 1,380,000 diagnostics per year [1]
Using sera from 50 women with ductal breast cancer (BC), 50 women with benign breast pathology (BBP) and 50 women without breast pathology (H), we found a set of eleven bands (9, 20, 32, 78, 23, 40, 15, 69, 22, 12 and 120) whose recognition by the Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in the sera is indicative of BC and/or Benign Breast Pathology (BBP)
We studied the differences between the 121 bands of the 1D-II of the 50 women with Breast Cancer (BC), those with Benign Breast Pathology (BBP) or without breast pathology (H), and we postulate that the clones of IgG-producing cells are the equivalent components of the immune Network, and adopt the equivalent structures and behavior found in the social networks
Summary
Breast Cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide, with nearly 1,380,000 diagnostics per year [1]. The more so since there are reports that BC can be detected by the immune system seven years before a positive Mammography [11,12,13], and several research groups have made efforts to find antibodies and antigens useful for this purpose but, until now there is no serological test accessible to standard clinical laboratories or specific to the Mexican population. Some of the antigens very specific to BC have been purified up until to they are not detectable in most of the sera from women in early stages of BC (i.e., AutoAntibodies (AAb) to NYESO1 are found in 4%, SCP1in 6%, and SSX2 in only 1% of sera from breast cancer patients) [14]. The composition and structure of the network in each of the women’s groups, as well as their similarities and differences, might help to identify and understand the mechanisms by which the pathology is triggered, whilst the more connected nodes (hubs) of each network will indicate the antigens and antibodies that are more useful in the design of therapeutic and diagnostic tools, and those that disappear in women with BC or BBP as possibly protective antigens and antibodies
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