The Mechanical Effect of MnO2 Layers on Electrochemical Actuation Performance of Nanoporous Gold.

Zhifei Han,Zhengpan Qi,Qibo Deng,Ke Wang,Qiang Wei

doi:10.3390/nano10102056

Abstract

This study investigated the electrochemical actuation behavior of nanoporous material during the capacitive process. The length change of nanoporous gold (npg) was in situ investigated in a liquid environment using the dilatometry technique. The mechanical effect of MnO2 layers was introduced in this work to improve the actuation characteristics of the npg samples. Our work found that the actuation behavior of npg sample could be significantly modulated with a covering of MnO2 layers. The electrochemical actuation amplitude was efficiently improved and strongly dependent on the thickness of MnO2 layers covered. Aside from the amplitude, the phase relation between the length change and the electrode potential was inverted when covering the MnO2 layer on the npg samples. This means the expansion of the npg samples and the contraction of samples covered with the MnO2 layer when electrochemical potential sweeps positively. A simple finite element model was built up to understand the effect of the MnO2 layer. The agreement between the simulation result and the experimental data indicates that the sign-inverted actuation-potential response of nanoporous gold contributes to the mechanical effect of MnO2. It is believed that our work could offer a deep understanding on the effect of the MnO2 layer on the electrochemical actuation and then provide a useful strategy to modulate the actuation performance of nanoporous metal materials.

Highlights

An electrochemical actuator can directly convert the electrical energy to mechanical deformation during electrochemical processes, which has gained increasing interest in the fields of nanomaterials
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The simple FEM model in this paper introduced an additional force from the MnO2 layer on the outer surface of nanoporous gold and investigated the actuation behavior of npg with the MnO2 layer thickness

Summary

Introduction

An electrochemical actuator can directly convert the electrical energy to mechanical deformation during electrochemical processes, which has gained increasing interest in the fields of nanomaterials. We introduce a common supercapacitive material, MnO2, using the electrochemical deposition technique to improve the actuation behavior of nanoporous metal materials. Our work found that the deposited MnO2 thin layer could change the electrochemical actuation phase of npg (i.e., from expansion to contraction) as well as the actuation magnitude.

Results

Conclusion