Abstract
In the Eastern Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine, which is characterized by a sharp change in weather conditions during the growing season of agricultural crops, it is very important to grow hybrids that are most adapted to frequent weather anomalies during the growing season. This can significantly reduce their negative impact on the productivity of spring wheat. The results of a study of 20 samples (soft spring wheat Triticum aestivum L.) and (durum spring wheat Triticum durum) of different ecological and geographical origin for adaptability when changing environmental conditions (Ukraine, Russia, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Sweden) are presented. Adaptability indicators were determined by the following characteristics: mass of one spike, mass of grain from one spike, number of grains from one spike, mass of 1000 seeds, mass of grain from 1 m2. Samples that have high plasticity and stability by these characteristics have been identified. As a result of the conducted studies, the dependence between the main signs of productivity were established: the number of grains from one spike, the mass of grains from one spike, the mass of 1000 seeds, the mass of one spike, the mass of seeds from 1 m2 of Triticum aestium and Triticum durum samples. We have considered the adaptability of selection characteristics of samples by years with different environmental conditions: air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation amount, and hydrothermal coefficient.
Highlights
The issues related to the study of adaptability and plasticity of agricultural crops are becoming increasingly relevant
Analyzing the reaction of collection samples of spring wheat of different ecological and geographical origin, we found that the sample of Swiss selection Sunnan was very high-yielding (49.10 g) by the indicator of 1000 seeds mass, we have identified one sample of Kazakhstan selection (Yrym) and two samples of Ukrainian selection (Simkodamironovska, Kharkivska) they were 47.20, 39.90, and 39.42 respectively
According to the high level of homeostasis and selection value, the samples Kharkivska 30, Simkodamironivska, Sunnan and Prokhorovka were identified among the studied varieties, which are valuable source material for spring wheat selection according to these indicators
Summary
The issues related to the study of adaptability and plasticity of agricultural crops are becoming increasingly relevant. It is important to grow agricultural crops that are most adapted to frequent weather anomalies during the growing season, which can significantly reduce the negative impact and meteorological conditions of spring wheat samples productivity. Studying of ecological plasticity and stability makes it possible to characterize the adaptive properties of an organism, to trace the dynamics of changes in the genotype reaction to changes in environmental conditions. Conducting such environmental studies allows us to identify the effect of abiotic and biotic factors of a certain environment on the genotype and determine the degree of their influence on the growth, development and yield of cropping, especially introduced samples that have a different reaction and yield potential. The aim of our research was to assess the adaptability and ecological plasticity of soft spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)
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