Abstract
The article analyzes and summarizes the views of Ukrainian and foreign linguists concerning the language structure and conceptual world pictures peculiarities. The paper focuses on the existence of general and specific in language. The role of culture in the formation and evolution of national world pictures and the influence of the national language on the formation of the speakers’ worldview are reviewed. The problem of national specificity of the language is analyzed not only in terms of the language and thinking, language and reality relation, but also in terms of the correlation of language and culture, their interaction and interplay. Culture is presented in the study as a complex phenomenon, in the framework of which the peculiarities of knowledge of reality are fixed by one or another lingua-cultural community. The language world picture is considered as one of the main components of culture and as a means of transferring lingua-cultural peculiarities.
Highlights
The concept of "world picture" refers to fundamental scientific concepts, the research of which leads to the study of the specificity of individual languages as components of national cultures
We note that if the system of language affects the process of human thinking, it would not be possible to develop science and culture
Vezhbitskaya, one of the prominent Polish researchers of semantics and questions about the universal categories of consciousness existence, author of the semantic primitives theory, shares the view of the language universals existence: "Languages and cultural systems differ significantly from one another, but there are semantic and lexical universals that point to the general conceptual basis on which the human language, thinking and culture are based ... and the language-specific configuration of these primitives reflects the cultural diversity" (Vezhbytska, 1996:297)
Summary
The concept of "world picture" refers to fundamental scientific concepts, the research of which leads to the study of the specificity of individual languages as components of national cultures. The main tasks are to consider the correlation of general and specific in language, the research of the role of culture in the peculiarity of national world pictures, analysis of the influence of the national language on the separate speaker outlook formation. According to W. von Humboldt, the language affects the speakers thinking, because of "absolutely spiritual intellectual activity... Thinking, according to W. von Humboldt, is nationally determined. A person, learning a language, simultaneously assimilates a national world view
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