The Italian energy transition in a multilevel system: between reinforcing dynamics and institutional constraints

Maria Rosaria Di Nucci,Andrea Prontera

doi:10.1007/s41358-021-00306-y

Abstract

The article analyses drivers as well as coordination mechanisms and instruments for the energy transition in Italy from a multilevel governance perspective. It addresses the structural constraints that influenced the decision-making processes and organisation of the Italian energy sector and the socio-technical challenges opened up by enhancing renewables. The current energy system is making the move from a centralised, path-dependent institutional and organisational structure to a more fragmented and pluralistic one. Renewables and decentralised patterns of production and consumption are key elements of this paradigmatic shift, which is paralleled by a multiplication of decision-making arenas and actors. These actors follow different interests, problem understandings and green growth narratives, increasing the complexity of governing the energy transition. Against this background, community-based renewable energy policy is assuming a very important role and Italy is putting efforts to establish an enabling framework in line with the requirements of the European Union. The goal of this strategy is to foster a positive link between acceptance of the energy transition and decentralised local activities. In the conclusion we address problems and barriers to new modes of governance, and discuss possible approaches to improved cooperation.

Highlights

The Italian energy transition is widely affected by multi-level dynamics
It discusses the implications of the Italian ‘quasi-federal’ system for the energy transition focusing on the support schemes promoting renewables in the electricity sector (RES-E), the efforts of regional and local governments on the matter and the coordination mechanisms in place
It has been claimed that since Italy did not have a specific regulatory framework for collective actions for Renewable Energy Communities (RECs) and offgrid forms of energy production and self-consumption, it was convenient for the Italian government to implement the transposition of the Directive (EU) 2018/2001 (RED II) as soon as possible (WEC-I 2020)

Summary

Introduction

The Italian energy transition is widely affected by multi-level dynamics. The impact of these dynamics, is ambiguous. 4 analyses from a multi-level perspective the governance and policy of renewables in Italy It discusses the implications of the Italian ‘quasi-federal’ system for the energy transition focusing on the support schemes promoting renewables in the electricity sector (RES-E), the efforts of regional and local governments on the matter and the coordination mechanisms in place. This section highlights both those reinforcing dynamics that have contributed to foster the Italian energy transition and those negative policy feedbacks hindering the process.

Energy decentralisation in a ‘quasi-federal’ state

Mutually reinforcing dynamics and renewables at the regional and local levels

Coordination mechanisms and their limits

Decentralisation pathways: energy communities and citizens’ energy

Findings

Conclusions