Abstract
The repair of early dental caries lesions has been demonstrated by the application of the remineralisation technology based on casein phosphopeptide-stabilised amorphous calcium phosphate complexes (CPP–ACP). These complexes consist of an amorphous calcium phosphate mineral phase stabilised and encapsulated by the self-assembly of milk-derived phosphopeptides. During topical application of CPP–ACP complexes in the oral cavity, the CPP encounters the enamel pellicle consisting of salivary proteins and peptides. However the interactions of the CPP with the enamel salivary pellicle are not known. The studies presented here reveal that the predominant peptides of CPP–ACP complexes do interact with specific salivary proteins and peptides of the enamel pellicle, and provide a mechanism by which the CPP–ACP complexes are localised at the tooth surface to promote remineralisation.
Highlights
Dental caries is one of the most common oral diseases [1,2]
Β-CN (1–25)) onto HA produced a significant change in the profile of salivary proteins bound (Figure 2 Lane 2 and Lane 4 compared with the control Lane 8)
The prior adsorption of the casein phosphopeptides (CPP) (αS1-CN (59–79) and β-CN (1–25)) onto HA produced a significant change in the profile of salivary proteins bound (Figure 2 Lane 2 and Lane 4 compared with the control Lane 8)
Summary
Dental caries is one of the most common oral diseases [1,2]. Aciduric and acidogenic bacteria, in plaque, ferment dietary sugars to produce organic acids that demineralise enamel and initiate dental caries [3]. The phosphopeptides of casein derived from enzymic hydrolysis are known as casein phosphopeptides (CPP) These bind calcium and phosphate ions through their multiple phosphoseryl residues in an amorphous, bioavailable form [7,8,9]. CPP–ACP complexes have been reported to inhibit enamel demineralisation and promote remineralisation of early enamel subsurface lesions [15,16,17,18]. They have been commercialised as RecaldentTM and are currently being added to sugar-free chewing gums (Trident Xtra Care (Americas), Recaldent (Japan)) and dental crème (Tooth Mousse and Tooth Mousse Plus (Europe and Australia), MI Paste and MI Paste Plus (Japan and Americas)) [15]. TThheesseeqquueenncceessoofftthheettwwoommaajjoorrccaasseeiinnttrryyppttiiccpphhoosspphhooppeeppttiiddeess wwiitthhtthheeccaallcciiuummpphhoosspphhaattee bbiinding-motif underlined are depicted using the three-letter code
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