Abstract
Nineteen plant extracts obtained from plants from the Brazilian Amazon showed activity against planktonic Streptococcus mutans, an important bacterium involved in the first steps of biofilm formation and the subsequent initiation of several oral diseases.ObjectiveOur goal was to verify whether plant extracts that showed activity against planktonic S. mutans could prevent the organization of or even disrupt a single-species biofilm made by the same bacteria.Material and MethodsPlant extracts were tested on a single-bacteria biofilm prepared using the Zürich method. Each plant extract was tested at a concentration 5 times higher than its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Discs of hydroxyapatite were submersed overnight in brain-heart infusion broth enriched with saccharose 5%, which provided sufficient time for biofilm formation. The discs were then submersed in extract solutions for one minute, three times per day, for two subsequent days. The discs were then washed with saline three times, at ten seconds each, after each treatment. Supports were allowed to remain in the enriched medium for one additional night. At the end of the process, the bacteria were removed from the discs by vortexing and were counted.ResultsOnly two of 19 plant extracts showed activity in the present assay: EB1779, obtained from Dioscorea altissima, and EB1673, obtained from Annona hypoglauca. Although the antibacterial activity of the plant extracts was first observed against planktonic S. mutans, influence over biofilm formation was not necessarily observed in the biofilm model. The present results motivate us to find new natural products to be used in dentistry.
Highlights
Previous studies performed on more than 2,000 extracts from plants from the Amazon rain forest reported that only nineteen showed activity against S. mutans18 and that twenty-six were active against S. sanguinis19
Streptococci are commensal EDFWHULD WKDW SLRQHHU RUDO ELR¿OP FRORQL]DWLRQ DQG may be involved in severe systemic diseases, such as infective endocarditis15 and atherosclerosis13. )RU WKDW UHDVRQ LW LV FUXFLDO WKDW WKH ¿UVW VWHSV RI ELR¿OP IRUPDWLRQ EH FRQWUROOHG IRU WKH HIIHFWLYH maintenance of general health balance based on oral health
From which the extracts originated to achieve D EHWWHU XQGHUVWDQGLQJ RI WKH ¿QGLQJV + ZDV that treatments with the extracts are identical to treatments with the positive controls, i.e., chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), and our hypothesis was that the treatments with the extracts exhibit better antibacterial activity than the treatments with the positive controls
Summary
Previous studies performed on more than 2,000 extracts from plants from the Amazon rain forest reported that only nineteen showed activity against S. mutans and that twenty-six were active against S. sanguinis. Previous studies performed on more than 2,000 extracts from plants from the Amazon rain forest reported that only nineteen showed activity against S. Streptococci are commensal EDFWHULD WKDW SLRQHHU RUDO ELR¿OP FRORQL]DWLRQ DQG may be involved in severe systemic diseases, such as infective endocarditis and atherosclerosis. )RU WKDW UHDVRQ LW LV FUXFLDO WKDW WKH ¿UVW VWHSV RI ELR¿OP IRUPDWLRQ EH FRQWUROOHG IRU WKH HIIHFWLYH maintenance of general health balance based on oral health. Information regarding popular uses, and the establishment of throughput assays aiming at the rapid analysis of a large number of plant extracts against a variety of microorganisms. The use of plant extracts might be an option that could be effective, those plants that can HIIHFWLYHO\ LQWHUIHUH ZLWK ELR¿OP IRUPDWLRQ
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