The influence of a fallow field on the formation of an agrocenosis and the productivity of spring wheat in the Orenburg Cis-Uralse

Abstract

The article presents the data of long-term field experience on the productivity of wheat and agrocenosis in crop rotations obtained under the influence of different types of fallow in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the aftereffect of precursors of different pairs in the formation of agrocenosis and productivity of spring wheat under conditions of unstable moisture in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals. Field experiments were carried out from 2011 to 2020 in rainfed conditions on two agricultural feeding grounds: fertilized (N40P80K40) and unfertilized. Studies have established the consumption of productive moisture in a meter layer during the growing season of fallow crops and spring wheat. In occupied pairs, the largest amount of productive moisture is used (in the soil-protective one, 98.9 mm, in the green manure, 93.8 mm). A large amount of productive moisture is used by spring wheat (hard and soft) in the aftereffect of black fallows (111.0 and 96.3 mm, respectively). As a result of the replacement of black fallows in the crop rotation with occupied ones, the ratio of segetal vegetation in the agrocenosis changes, which leads to an increase in the number of perennials in the crops of the second and subsequent crops of the crop rotation. The use of different types of steam in crop rotations with the appropriate agricultural technology allows to reduce the contamination of crops by various groups of weeds.