The impact of key experiences associated with guilt and shame on sports socialization

Abstract

Summary This paper rests on the assumption that norms of success and fairness may come into conflict in a variety of situations in competitive soccer, forcing individual actors to weigh and balance the two sets of norms. If established norms of fair play are violated, shame and guilt may result. Based on qualitative interviews with soccer players, the study identified key experiences associated with shame and guilt resulting from harmful actions toward others. In the context of transformative learning processes, the athletes began to question previously unchallenged success-oriented attitudes and to understand them in new ways. Here, individual experiences showed the potential to have a transformative impact on long-term sports-related socialization processes and counteract institutionalized structures of socialization. The study shows that such experiences can become turning points in an athlete’s (sports) biography.