Abstract
Monthly mean summer (DJF) temperature and precipitation from Global Historical Climate Network (GHCN-V3) for the period of 1870-2011, are analyzed to assess the role of teleconnections on climate of Darwin, Australia. Indices of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Antarctic Oscillation (AAO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), Arctic Oscillation (AO), and Pacific North American Oscillation (PNA) are extracted from monthly means and compared with climatic data of Darwin. Most of these climate modes are shown to have a strong influence on the monthly mean summer temperature and precipitation. ENSO is shown to have a positive relationship with the amount of precipitation received and a negative relationship with the temperature. Where an El Nino event produces warmer drier conditions and a La Nina event produces colder wetter conditions. The AAO is shown to cause cold and dry conditions during the positive phase and warm and wet conditions during the negative phase. The PDO is shown to cause El Nino like condition during the positive phase causing warmer, drier weather, and La Nina like conditions during the negative phase causing cooler, wetter weather. Through the analysis it is also shown that the NAO, AO, and PNA have little effect on the temperature and precipitation patterns of Darwin.
Highlights
Darwin, Australia latitude 12.4 ̊ south, longitude 130.9 ̊ east is located on Australia’s northwestern coast
This paper investigates the effect of six teleconnections on summer temperature and precipitation of Darwin
As Darwin is located along the northwest coast of Australia and as it is shown in Section 2.2., has seen an increase in the total precipitation received, this blocking of solar radiation by cloud cover could be one of the causes of the cooling temperature trend
Summary
Australia latitude 12.4 ̊ south, longitude 130.9 ̊ east is located on Australia’s northwestern coast. Fluctuating sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the central North Pacific and along the west coast of North America distinguishes the positive and negative phases of this climate mode. When the PDO is in its warm or positive phase, SSTs in the western coast of North America are relatively warm and central North Pacific SSTs are cooler and vice versa in the cool or negative phase causing a change in the temperature and precipitation patterns in these areas [12,13]. The PNA affects the climate of the northern hemisphere It deals with the 700 mb heights for the locations, Hawaii, the Aleutian Islands, southeastern United States and the Intermountain region of North America.
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