Abstract
The ability of self-healing electrodes to withstand electrical breakdown at high electric fields has drawn a lot of interest to them in recent decades. Applications include electronic skins, sensors, supercapacitors, and lithium-ion batteries have resulted from the integration of conductive nanoparticles in flexible self-healing electrodes. Prior self-healing electrodes based on hydrogels and polymers had low strengths and conductivities. However, nanomaterials offer vast surface area, abundant functional groups, and special qualities that speed up the healing process. Self-healing electrodes, capable of autonomously repairing damage and extending their operational lifespan, represent a paradigm shift in material science and electronic device design. This review paper charts the remarkable evolution of self-healing electrodes, with a particular focus on the pivotal role of nanomaterials in driving this progress. The emergence of self-healing concepts is then discussed, encompassing both intrinsic mechanisms inherent to specific materials and extrinsic approaches that rely on the integration of healing agents. We explore how the distinct physicochemical properties of nanomaterials, such as their high surface area, adjustable conductivity, and catalytic activity, have been used to give electrodes the ability to cure themselves. Specific examples showcasing the successful incorporation of nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, graphene, MXenes, and metallic nanoparticles into various electrode architectures are presented. The underlying self-healing mechanisms, ranging from reversible chemical bonding to dynamic supramolecular interactions, are elucidated. Furthermore, we critically assess the performance enhancements achieved through nanomaterial integration, including improved mechanical robustness, enhanced electrical conductivity, and extended cycling stability.
Published Version
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