THE EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE DOMINANT STRATEGY OF “INFLEXIBLE HIPPOS” AND THE ORGANIZATIONAL LIFE CYCLE

The article summarizes the arguments and counterarguments within the scientific discussion on the relationship and interaction between competitive strategy and the phases of the organization's life cycle. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the influence of choice or change of strategy on changing phases of the organization's life cycle in the context of project activities. The method of analysis and synthesis, the method of systematization and analysis of literature sources were used to solve the tasks. The scientific community faces the urgent task of developing and implementing effective methods, models, and methodologies of adaptive project management. The toolkits for solving this scientific problem are the management of managed changes in the organization, management of organizational development by methods of strategic planning. Based on the analysis of different models of the life cycle of organizations, it is determined that the most perfect is the model of I. Adizes. A similar analysis was performed on the typologies of competitive strategies. It is determined that the most rational for further research in the ratio of advantages and disadvantages is the model A. Yu. Yudanov. Systematization of literature sources and approaches to solving the problem testified to the existence of developments in this scientific field, but the review process revealed a number of contradictions that need further resolution. The identified inconsistencies are mostly due to the fact that not all dependencies and correspondences are found between the types of competitive strategies and phases of the organization's life cycle. The practical value lies in the improvement of models and methods of organization adaptation to the destructive factors of the environment, justification of the choice of strategic goals by stages of the life cycle, the formation of project tools for change management in the organization. Next, it is planned to assess the level of correlation of parameters for each type of strategy according in accordance with each phase of development of the organization. The results of the study can be useful for project and program managers, senior managers.

The work is devoted to the consideration of the information system components, which can be used for effective organization and This study is devoted to the reseach of supply chain strategies in project activities. Considered strategies for supply chains, through which better customer service will lead to increased supplies and reduced costs, will bring benefits to all supply chain stakeholders. An illustrative example of a long-term project in the supply chain is provided - the project of the ship acquisition. The ship's life cycle is specified from the standpoint of various participants involved in fleet renewal (replenishment) project. Analyzing each phase of the shipping company's life cycle, risks are examined for each phase of the life cycle, including strategic, economic, commercial, credit, informational, ecological. Alternative supply chain strategies are identified. Taking into account the main objectives of supply chain management, a hybrid strategy can be identified that uses both lean and flexible supply chains. When implementing such a strategy, it is possible to reduce the total order fulfillment time; ensure reliability, correct frequency of delivery, quality and flexibility of delivery; optimize inventory levels throughout the supply chain and minimize total costs. Phases of the life cycle of a supply chain management project are highlighted, as the relationships and obligations between various stakeholders require the construction of a flexible supply chain. Such a supply chain involves solving a series of tasks to meet the requirements of stakeholders and customers; before the project reaches the completion phase. The preparation and implementation of individual projects, taking into account the life cycle stage, are carried out based on the selection of supply chain development strategies.This need is realized with the help of formalized methods for selecting projects that most correspond to the company's development strategy and the stage of its life cycle. Depending on the goals of the management, the strategies for further development implemented through individual projects will be different. Based on what development strategy the company sets for itself, this will be the main list of projects that have the greatest value for the company. This research holds both theoretical and practical significance. Theoretically, it contributes to the development of the theory of supply chain management, project management, and strategic management, particularly in the domain of project planning and execution. Practically, it serves as a decision-making tool in the development and implementation of strategies through projects within the supply chain.

Generally, it is considered that the products have five phases in their life cycle, namely, introduction, growth, maturity, saturation and decline. But with the rapid advancement of technology and globalization, the product life has dwindled. This paper studies the life cycle of the products whose life cycle has been reduced to only three phases. The life cycle of the various products especially electronic goods (mobile phones) has been studied and it has been observed that life span of these products has been reduced drastically. Another observation is that the introduction and the growth phase have been clubbed into one. Many of the products either will have the growth in the initial part of their life cycle or will be unable to survive, so there is no possibility of the other phases of life cycle. This study formulates a model for the products having only three phases of the life cycle and having a very short life span. While the earlier models have considered five phases of product life cycle with longer duration. The mathematical model considered here has only three phases of life cycle which matches with the life cycles of the electronics products, whose demand increases rapidly during the growth period and declines exponentially during the decline phase.

The issue of assessing the effectiveness of a project of an ecologistic system using the criterion of «a discounted payback period», which takes into consideration the transformational changes in the project life cycle, was considered. The specific features of the life cycle of a project of an ecologistic system, in the structure of which it is proposed to include environmentally-oriented regeneration and revitalization phases, were explored. The phases of a life cycle were divided into stages, between which consecutive and parallel relations were established. The project life cycle consists of time intervals, during which from one to three stages of the project phases can run in parallel. A model of the life cycle of an ecologistic system, which shows the relations between time intervals and cash flows that correspond to the stages of the project life cycle phases, was developed. A mathematical formula for calculating the discounted payback period of a project, which takes into consideration the specific features of the formation of cash flows of separate phases of the life cycle of an ecologistic system, was proposed. The application of the formula is possible when assuming the constancy of cash flows of the stages of operational and the regeneration phases, which corresponds to the conditions of uncertainty of their forecasting at the beginning of the project. The functional dependences between the discounted payback period and cash flows during the phases of a project life cycle were studied. Depending on a phase of the life cycle, the dependence is expressed by a linear, polynomial, or power function. The identification of functional dependences makes it possible to study the dynamics of changes in the discounted payback period with changes in project cash flows, which can be used in forecasting the effectiveness of an ecologistic system project.

Integrating security at each phase of the software Development Life cycle (SDLC) has become an urgent need. Moreover, security must not be overlooked at early phases of SDLC. This helps to minimize cost and efforts for later phase of the life cycle. In addition, software security metrics are the tools to judge level of security of software. Without the use of the metrics, no one can ensure the usefulness of any approach which claims to improve security of the software. The paper presents a phase-wise review of security metrics and the issues in their adaptation. Though there are security metrics available for each phase of the software development life cycle, their usefulness in the software industry or in research is in question without their validation. In addition, a concrete research is needed to develop security metrics at early phases of software development life cycle.

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether accredited hospitals maintain quality and patient safety standards over the accreditation cycle by testing a life cycle explanation of accreditation on quality measures. Four distinct phases of...

Urgency of the research. Solving administrative tasks related to the ranking of enterprises according to their financial condition predetermines the objective need to use methodical tools of financial analysis. Target setting. An important factor in the financial situation that needs to be taken into account when developing the analysis techniques to ensure the comparability of enterprises is the phase of their lifecycle. Actual scientific researches and issue analysis. Scientists such as L. Bernstein, G. Foster, E. Helfert, J. Wild, K. R. Subramanyam and others made a significant contribution to the development of methods for analyzing the indicators of financial status. Univestigated parts of general matters defining. At the same time, little attention is paid to the issue of developing a method of comparative analysis of the financial condition of the phases of the enterprise's life cycle. The research objective. The substantiation of the method of comparative analysis of the financial condition of enterprises, taking into account the phases of their life cycle on the basis of the method of analysis of hierarchies. The statement of basic materials. The method of analysis of hierarchies developed a method of comparative analysis of the financial condition of enterprises located at different phases of the life cycle. Conclusions. The use of this methodological approach allows you to take into account such an important factor in the financial condition of the enterprise as the phase of its life cycle and to provide decision-makers with a reasonable criterion as an integral indicator for the analysis of enterprises at different stages of development. A comparative analysis of the financial condition on the basis of the proposed methodology can be carried out within the framework of strategic financial analysis and analysis of investment attractiveness of enterprises.

Management of the product life cycle and of the corresponding supply network largely depends on information in which specific phase of the life cycle one or another product currently is and when the phase will be changed. Finding a phase of the product life cycle can be interpreted as forecasting transition points between phases of life cycle of these products. This paper provides a formulation of the above mentioned task of forecasting the transition points and presents the structured data mining system for solving that task. The developed system is based on the analysis of historical demand for products and on information about transitions between phases in life cycles of those products.The experimental results with real data display information about the potential of the created system.

An adequate assessment of the level of energy efficiency of real estate objects depends on the modeling of organizational, technological and managerial factors affecting the energy efficiency of real estate objects. The using of mathematical modeling of the potential of factor systems in the design and improvement of the energy efficiency of buildings is the main tool that allows you to take into account organizational and technological factors that to a greater extent affect the energy efficiency of buildings at all phases of its life cycle. In this way, starting from the relative uncertainty of the deadline and cost of an energy-efficient real estate object at various phases of its life cycle, the structure and processes of creating an energy-efficient real estate object were considered using the methodology for taking into account the influence of organizational and technological factors. This technique was considered in mathematical modeling as a process of placing a real object, that is, a mathematical model, in order to analyze and obtain data on the most important properties of an energy efficient real estate object. Due the application of this methodology at each phase of the life cycle when designing an energy-efficient real estate object, it is possible to assess the impact of organizational and technological solutions in the process of implementing the construction of an energy-efficient real estate object on the integral quality potential, thereby affecting the operational characteristics of the object.

Abstract. Coccolithophores have a distinct haplo-diplontic life cycle, which allows them to grow and divide into two different life cycle phases (haploid and diploid). These life cycle phases vary significantly in inorganic carbon content and morphology and inhabit distinct niches, with haploids generally preferring low-nitrogen and high-temperature and high-light environments in situ. This niche contrast indicates different physiology of the life cycle phases, which is considered here in the context of a trait trade-off framework, in which a particular set of traits comes with both costs and benefits. However, coccolithophore's phase trade-offs are not fully identified, limiting our understanding of the functionality of the coccolithophore life cycle. Here, we investigate the response of the two life cycle phases of the coccolithophore Coccolithus braarudii to key environmental drivers: light, temperature, and nitrogen, using laboratory experiments. With these data, we identify the main trade-offs of each life cycle phase and use models to test the role of such trade-offs under different environmental conditions. The lab experiments show the life cycle phases have similar cell size, minimum nitrogen quotas, uptake rates, and temperature and light optima. However, we find that they have different coccosphere sizes, maximum growth rates, and maximum nitrogen quotas. We also observe a trade-off between maximum growth rate and maximum nitrogen quota, with higher growth rates and low maximum nitrogen quotas in the haploid phase and vice versa in the diploid phase. Testing these phase characteristics in a numerical chemostat model, we find that the growth–quota trade-off allows C. braarudii to exploit variable nitrogen conditions more efficiently. Because the diploid ability to store more nitrogen is advantageous when the nitrogen supply is intermittent, the higher haploid growth rate is advantageous when the nitrogen supply is constant. Although the ecological drivers of C. braarudii life cycle fitness are likely multi-faceted, spanning both top-down and bottom-up trait trade-offs, our results suggest that a trade-off between nitrogen storage and maximum growth rate is an essential bottom-up control on the distribution of C. braarudii life cycle phases.

Coccolithophores feature a haplo-diplontic life cycle comprised of diploid cells producing heterococcoliths and haploid cells producing morphologically different holococcoliths. These life cycle phases of each species appear to have distinct spatial and temporal distributions in the oceans, with the heavily calcified heterococcolithophores (HET) often more prevalent in winter and at greater depths, whilst the lightly calcified holococcolithophores (HOL) are more abundant in summer and in shallower waters. The haplo-diplontic life cycle may therefore allow coccolithophores to expand their ecological niche, switching between life cycle phases to exploit conditions that are more favourable. However, coccolithophore life cycles remain poorly understood and fundamental information on the physiological differences between life cycle phases is required if we are to better understand the ecophysiology of coccolithophores. In this study, we have examined the physiology of HET and HOL phases of the coccolithophore Coccolithus braarudii in response to changes in light and nutrient availability. We found that the HOL phase was more tolerant to high light than the HET phase, which exhibited defects in calcification at high irradiances. The HET phase exhibited defects in coccolith formation under both nitrate (N) and phosphate (P) limitation, whilst no defects in calcification were detected in the HOL phase. The HOL phase grew to a higher cell density under P-limitation than N-limitation, whereas no difference was observed in the maximum cell density reached by the HET phase at these nutrient concentrations. HET cells grown under a light:dark cycle divided primarily in the dark and early part of the light phase, whereas HOL cells continued to divide throughout the 24 h period. The physiological differences may contribute to the distinct biogeographic distributions observed between life cycle phases, with the HOL phase potentially better adapted to high light, low nutrient regimes, such as those found in seasonally stratified surface waters. HIGHLIGHTS Coccolithus braarudii life cycle phases exhibit different physiological responses. The heavily calcified heterococcolithophores (HET) life cycle phase is more sensitive to high light. The lightly calcified holococcolithophores (HOL) life cycle phase may be better suited to growth under low phosphate availability.

A review of the literature reveals that it is customary to adopt a marketing approach in community project development, without analyzing the need for different phases in the life cycle of the project. The present article reports a study that examined the implementation of the marketing approach in 11 projects by 54 experts-specialists and professionals in Israel. It suggests that there is a need to match the different components of the marketing approach to different phases of the project's life cycle. The article describes and explains how to combine five central elements in the marketing area, namely, target market, social product, price, distribution, and promotion. The article discusses the necessity of adjusting the marketing components during four main phases in a project life cycle, namely, initiation, planning, implementation, and institutionalization.

The integration of digital technologies with Artificial Intelligence could serve as a strategic approach to achieving the goals set by the European Union, mainly concerning sustainability, carbon emission reduction, and digitalization in the construction sector. In this regard, this paper aims to examine the major trends in the application of AI integrated with digital technologies to boost the environmental sustainability of the built environment throughout its life cycle. A systematic literature review was conducted, in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, inspecting the Scopus database from 2015 to 2025. After having applied specific exclusion and inclusion criteria, 102 studies have been examined to identify key trends and transformative innovations enhancing sustainable approaches for the built environment. The results have been systematized based on the phases of the building life cycle which are impacted most by AI-powered digital technologies, and on sustainability areas that are attracting the greatest attention. The main research gaps are identified in the limited exploration of renovation and end-of-life phases of the life cycle, in the lack of technologies interoperability, in data complexity and quality issues, in a lack of cost-effective solutions, and in limited regulation and standardization.

Sunn pest, Eurygaster maura L. (Hemiptera: Scutelleridae), a species with an obligatory diapause, is a major destructive pest of cereal products in central Asia, Europe and North Africa. Adults feed voraciously, causing total destruction of wheat fields in just a couple of days. Insect vitellogenins (Vgs) play a major role in reproduction by supplying the resources needed for oocyte development. In this study, we identified and characterized three E. maura Vg genes (EmVgs: EmVg1, EmVg2 and EmVg3) in the cDNA library generated from the fat body of overwintering E. maura. We examined expression levels of EmVgs in the phases of the life cycle, different tissues and at different developmental stages. mRNA levels in the female adults started to increase in the pre‐migration phase and reached peak level in the adults that freshly migrated to lowlands. This pattern suggests that the elevation of EmVg expression is associated with pre‐migration and migration phases of the insect's life cycle. EmVgs were primarily expressed in the fat body, which could be a possible EmVg expression site. EmVgs were expressed throughout developmental stages, suggesting that they might be prominent for nymphal development of E. maura.

Investigation of the physiological ecology of various plants has yielded information concerning mechanisms and patterns of evolutionary divergence (Bj6rkman & Holmgren, 1963; Ayodele Cole, 1967; Hadley & Levin, 1969; Mooney & Billings, 1961). Such studies have largely omitted pteridophytes. Owing to the alternation-of-generations life cycle, certain problems arise concerning physiological divergence within groups of pteridophytes. The success of pteridophytes in a community is obviously limited both by the successful establishment of free-living gametophytes and the survival of sporophytes. Thus, the habitat requirements for spore germination and prothallial growth are critical factors for the success of the plant. Physiological divergence between populations or species, as a result of selective pressures of ecologically different habitats, should be apparent in both phases of the pteridophyte life cycle. Farrar (1967) found fern gametophytes reproducing independently in the southern Appalachians, far north of the normal ranges of their sporophytes. Conway (1953) stated that there are few records of finding sporelings of Pteridium aquilinum in Scotland, even though the sporophytes are common and spore production is heavy. She suggested that spores are released late during the growing season and that Pteridium sporelings are more susceptible to frost than are those of other species observed. Conway also noted that sporelings are subject to attack by soil insects and fungi. These two studies suggest that the gametophytic and sporophytic phases of a plant can have different habitat requirements and that one phase of the life cycle can be