Abstract
In this study, the effects of using soy oil (SO), poultry fat (PF) and tallow (T) in broiler feed at fixed energy : protein ratio on field and slaughter parameters were evaluated. The average live weight (ALW), feed conversion ratio (FCR), production efficiency factor (PEF) and mortality were investigated as field performance parameters; carcass weight (CW), carcass yield (CY), heart–liver weight (HLW), heart–liver yield (HLY), abdominal fat weight (AFW) and abdominal fat yield (AFY) were investigated as slaughter performance parameters. The experiment was performed in accordance with animal welfare legislation of Turkey and continued for 41 d. It was conducted with a total of 12 600 Ross 308 broiler chicks from Ross 308 strain middle-aged (36 weeks) broiler breeders. Ten different diets in which SO in starter; SO, PF and T in grower and single; or equal mixing of them (SO PF, SO T, PF T) in finisher were used. When animal fat (PF and T) was used instead of SO, especially in grower feed, the field performance parameters improved except for mortality ( ). This situation was not seen in slaughter performance parameters except for CW, HLW and HLY ( ). However, it was found that sex affected slaughter performance parameters except for CY and AFW; higher CW and HLW and lower AFY and HLY were observed due to higher CW in male broilers ( ). In addition, the interactions between the type of the fat and sex were not found to be significant except for CW and CY ( ). At the end of the study, it was seen that if certain ratios are not exceeded, the use of animal fat instead of SO may be a good and economic alternative. Such an arrangement, which can be made depending on oil and fat prices, can reduce the feed cost, which is a more important result in terms of large integrations.
Highlights
In the poultry meat industry, which inevitably happens every day, production quantities increase by developing more efficient breeders, and increasing efforts are being made to reduce costs
The effects of soy oil (SO), poultry fat (PF) and T used in broiler chickens at different levels on broiler field and slaughter performance parameters were investigated
It was seen that the broilers using PF and T instead of SO in their feeds showed an increasing tendency in average live weight (ALW) values (Table 6)
Summary
In the poultry meat industry, which inevitably happens every day, production quantities increase by developing more efficient breeders, and increasing efforts are being made to reduce costs. The energy requirements of animals increase with increased production volumes and performance. The use of fat in animal feeding has many advantages. Some of these advantages provide an intensive energy source to be used for increasing the energy ratios of the poultry diets, improving growth and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and reducing feed consumption due to less heat stress and higher heat resistance (Moura, 2003). There are some difficulties with using fat, such as balancing the feed energy, rancidity, additional equipment requirements, and low digestion especially in young chicks (Sell et al, 1986; Wiseman and Lesire, 1987; Aardsma et al, 2017)
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