The effects of CO 2 pneumoperitoneum on the survival of women with persistent metastatic ovarian cancer

Abstract

Objectives The effects of CO 2 pneumoperitoneum on the survival of women with metastatic ovarian cancer have not been documented. We sought to describe the survival of women with persistent stage III–IV ovarian cancer as documented by positive second-look laparoscopy or laparotomy and to see whether the laparoscopic approach with CO 2 pneumoperitoneum has a negative effect on overall survival. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of all patients with FIGO stage III–IV invasive epithelial ovarian cancer who were found to have persistent disease at second-look surgery. All patients underwent primary surgery followed by intravenous chemotherapy and were clinically without evidence of disease prior to second-look surgery. Second-look laparoscopy began to be utilized regularly in 1994. The selection of the second-look surgical approach depended on the surgeon's discretion. CO 2 pneumoperitoneum was utilized for all laparoscopic cases with the maximum intra-abdominal pressure maintained at 15 mm Hg. Patients received a variety of additional intravenous, intraperitoneal, or oral chemotherapy following positive second-look surgery. Results Between 6/1/91 and 6/30/02, 289 patients were found to have persistent ovarian/peritoneal cancer at second look. Second-look operations included 131 (45%) transperitoneal laparoscopies and 139 (48%) laparotomies. Nineteen (7%) patients underwent laparoscopy followed immediately by laparotomy. The mean age, stage distribution, histology, grade, and size of residual disease at second look did not differ between the two groups. The median overall survival for patients who underwent laparoscopy, 41.1 months (95% CI, 33.2–58.1), did not significantly differ from that of the laparotomy group, 38.8 months (95% CI, 31.9–44.2) ( P = 0.742). Conclusions Transperitoneal laparoscopy with CO 2 pneumoperitoneum does not appear to reduce the overall survival of women with persistent metastatic intra-abdominal carcinoma of ovarian/peritoneal origin. The overall survival appears to be independent of the second-look surgical approach.