Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor that leads to the development of other diseases such as dyslipidemia and diabetes. These three metabolic disorders can occur simultaneously, hence, the treatment requires many drugs. Antioxidant compounds have been reported to have activities against obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes via several mechanisms. This review aims to discuss the antioxidant compounds that have activity against obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes together with their molecular signaling mechanism. The literature discussed in this review was obtained from the PUBMED database. Based on the collection of literature obtained, antioxidant compounds having activity against the three disorders (obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes) were identified. The activity is supported by various molecular signaling pathways that are influenced by these antioxidant compounds, further study of which would be useful in predicting drug targets for a more optimal effect. This review provides insights on utilizing one of these antioxidant compounds as opposed to several drugs. It is hoped that in the future, the number of drugs in treating obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes altogether can be minimized consequently reducing the risk of side effects.
Highlights
Obesity is a pathological condition of excessive fat accumulating in the tissues under the skin and spreading to the organs and tissues around the body
In vivo testing has been carried out on rats induced with a high-fat diet for 12 weeks which were given resveratrol at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks, and the results showed a reduction in total cholesterol by 8.4% and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by 6.6%. compared to the HFD
The results of this study indicate that curcumin can increase insulin sensitivity by 32.7 ± 10.3%, reduce serum triglycerides by 0.79%, compared to the placebo group, which had an increase of 26.89%, and significantly reduce insulin resistance
Summary
Obesity is a pathological condition of excessive fat accumulating in the tissues under the skin and spreading to the organs and tissues around the body. Obese patients have health problems, one of which is an increase in total cholesterol levels > 200 mg/dL. The World Health Organization (WHO) points out that obesity is a chronic disease and is one of the risk factors for degenerative diseases such as diabetes and dyslipidemia, as well as acute coronary disease, hypertension, hyperuricemia and polycystic ovary syndrome [1]. Oxidative stress is a condition when there is an increase in the number of free radicals and/or a decrease in antioxidant activity [3]. Oxidative stress plays a role in comorbid obesity such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, endothelial dysfunction and mitochondrial dysfunction [2]
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