The Effectiveness of Prison Education in Reducing Criminal Recidivism: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Criminology defines recidivism as the relapse into criminal behavior of individuals with a criminal record. Prisoners are a vulnerable sector of the population which makes reintegration programs vital to facilitate their reinsertion into society after liberation. This study conducts a systematic review of the literature on prison education and recidivism in the last 5 years. PICO eligibility criteria were applied, various sources were used, and 10 studies were selected for the review. The studies address recidivism through qualitative, quantitative, and mixed approaches, revealing the complexity of the issue and the need for comprehensive and tailored approaches. Concerns arise about the ineffectiveness of criminal policies and the need for reforms in prison conditions and education. Studies suggest a weak relationship between participation in educational programs and recidivism prevention, emphasizing the importance of a humanistic and more holistic approach to rehabilitation. Factors such as low enrollment in the programs, overcrowding in prisons, lack of access to post-secondary education influence program effectiveness. The importance of preventive policies, removal of obstacles to reentry, social integration programs, and adapting interventions to specific population needs is emphasized. Findings highlight the urgency of addressing structural issues and the importance of a holistic approach to prison system reform. Lack of resources and adequate support often hinders rehabilitation efforts. Implementing comprehensive preventive and corrective measures is essential to improve outcomes and reduce recidivism.