The effectiveness of medical antibiotics and herbs as antibiotic on mouth bacterial flora

Abstract

Background Plant are the oldest source of pharmacological active compounds. The Achyranthes aspera's seeds, roots and shoots are used as medicine from ancient times. Oral infections and oral disease are directly depends on the oral application of our daily lives. The present study gives information on anti-bacterial properties of this plant. The role of this plant against bacteria have been screened and confirmed by many researchers. While many people in the villages of India also use the roots of this plant as tooth brush, it still has a long way to go to be established as a recognized entity in the prevention and treatment of oral infections and oral diseases. Various studies report that the aqueous solution of A. aspera has shown antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus heamolyticus, and Bacillus typhosus, while alcoholic and aqueous extract of its leaves possess antibacterial activity against S. aureus and Escherichia coli. Till today, very few studies have been conducted on the antibacterial effect of the extracts of A. aspera against mouth bacterial flora and oral pathogens. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the antibacterial activities of the extracts of A. aspera against mouth bacterias like S. aureus, E-coli, Staphylococcus aureus etc. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activities of the extracts of Achyranthes aspera against mouth bacterial flora and compare it's effectiveness with common antibiotics that we generally adviced by the physician in medical field. Methods: A observation study with quantitative approach was used to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the common bacteria of the saliva of different people. With scientific perspective the data was made and analysis of it's effectiveness as anti-bacteria. The effect of broad aspectrum antibiotics were used to examine association between the effects of Achyranthes aspera on common bacterias of saliva like S. aureus, E-coli, Staphylococcus aureus in terms of zone of inhibition. Results The study showed the effect of extracts (EES, EEL, MES, MEL, IES, IEL) on mouth bacterial flora. On Pseudomonos species the highest effect showed by Ethanolic extracts of stem and Methanolic extracts of leaves. All the data that the extracts of leaves and stem of Achyranthes aspera are effective against mouth bacterial flora. The study also compares the effect of selected antibiotics with the effect of extracts of Achyranthes aspera. On E. coli, the effects of ethanolic extracts of leaf was greater than the effects of AZM and LE but lower than that of CX. Discussion These data comprehensively summarize the measurable difference between the effects of different extracts of Achyranthes aspera on bacteria and between the effect of antibiotics and effect of extracts of Achyranthes aspera. These data were collected statistically based on the objectives of the study. Recommendation In the light of the finding and personal experience of the researches, the following recommendations are put forth. The findings of the present study can be used as a guide for future study A similar study can be conducted in a large representative sample for better generalization A similar study can be conducted on individuals with some kind of oral infection to assess the efficacy of the herbs A similar study can be conducted on multidrug resistant bacteria using the same extracts A comparative study can be conducted to established differences in effects between extracts of A. aspera and other drugs used for mouth rinsing. Conclusion Much advancement in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections has been introduced over the past century. Medicinal plants are pluripotent in nature and hence offer great therapeutic entities for the health sciences. If the strengths of the knowledge based traditional herbal medicine combined with the scientific methods of drug preparation, it can provide new and more advanced functional leads to reduce time, money and toxicity - the three main hurdles in drug development. As the result of the present study exhibited presence of antibacterial properties in the studied extracts of A. aspera, this also indicates that active bio-molecule is present in each extract. Hence, they can be utilized along with conventional medicine that can assure us of greater health in the future. Further studies can be conducted in future to assess the safety levels of this herb.