The effect of the diode laser on the bone tissue reduction

Abstract

The application of a diode laser is becoming more common in the present-day medicine. The use of this type of laser in various fields of medicine is stipulated by its biological effect that depends on the laser wavelength, power and operation mode. In the literature sources we found enough information about the use of CO2, erbium, holmium laser for bone tissue destruction in otorhinolaryngology. However, there is very little information on the laser diode application on bone tissue. Nowadays operations are carried out under the control of endoscopic techniques in the field of the head and neck. The use of this equipment and precise dosing of laser radiation makes operations minimally invasive, increases the efficacy of surgical treatment, shortens postoperative period. In the surgical treatment of frontal sinus osteomas, after the mobilization thereof there occur difficulties with its extraction. It is impossible to reduce osteoma located freely in sinus using a drill. We did not perform the conversion to external approach. We used diode laser to reduce such tumors. After reduction of the size of the tumors, they were freely evacuated through frontal ostium. In our study, we used a diode laser with the wavelength of 970 nm in contact and remote continuous mode to compare the thermal effects and select the optimal mode for bone reduction in the experiment with the fragments of cadaver ilium and the removed 1 cm3 osteomas. The radiation exposure varied from 10 to 30 seconds at the power of 6W through 15W in the contact mode. Bone fragments were heated at different rates and cooled with the natural saline solution. The efficacy and safety of diode laser was estimated based on thermometric indicators. After a series of experiments the contact continuous mode was determined to be the optimal one, the authors established maximum and minimum time of the osseous tissue exposure.