High-Power Diode Laser in Neurosurgery: Clinical Experience in 30 Cases

Abstract

Background High-power semiconductor diode lasers were recently introduced and have been tested in ophthalmology and general surgery. These lasers are attractive from the practical and economical standpoint, and have enough power to perform most surgical procedures. They could replace other surgical lasers such as CO 2, argon, 1.06 μm, and 1.32 μm Nd-YAG lasers for many applications in neurosurgery. We report our initial experience with the first available 0.805-μm surgical diode laser, the Diomed 25 (Diomed, Ltd, Cambridge, U.K.) in a series of 30 patients. Methods The diode laser was evaluated during surgical resection of various types of central nervous system tumors in 30 patients. It was used free-hand in 27 patients in contact and non-contact, continuous wave (cw) and pulsed modes, and during ventricular endoscopy in three patients. Average time of laser use during a procedure was 248 seconds. Output power ranged from 1 to 25 watts, with an average power per patient of 2.64 to 15.5 watts (mean, 8.78 watts). Total energy delivered ranged from 65 to 11,051 joules per patient. Results Using 600- or 400-μm non-contact optic fiber, well pigmented tumor tissue hemostasis was obtained at cw 3 to 10 watts with a defocused beam, whereas vaporization required 10-25 cw or pulsed watts with a focused beam. Soft and tough tissue section could be obtained using a sculpted cone-shaped (600-300 μm tip) contact fiber at 7-10 cw watts after fiber tip charring. Because of the deeper penetration of 0.805-μm light in non-pigmented tissues, non-contact mode is not recommended for white matter or poorly vascularized tumors. The contact mode was not efficient on very soft tissues such as edematous brain parenchyma. The contact fibers proved to be very fragile because of heat generation. Conclusions The high power diode laser proved to be efficient for hemostasis, section and vaporization, using contact and non-contact modes, at different output powers. Economical and ergonomical advantages of this new generation of surgical lasers may cause them to replace other surgical lasers such as argon, CO 2, and Nd-YAG lasers, mostly for tumor surgery.