Abstracts from the 7th Congress of the World Federation for Laser in Dentistry European Division June 20–22, 2019 Parma, Italy

Abstract

Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser SurgeryVol. 37, No. 10 AbstractsFree AccessAbstracts from the 7th Congress of the World Federation for Laser in Dentistry European Division June 20–22, 2019 Parma, ItalyPublished Online:23 Oct 2019https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2019.29013.abstractsAboutSectionsPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail EVALUATION COMMITTEECONGRESS OF THE IAE (INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF EMDOLA)Prof. S Nammour (Chairman)P VescoviU RomeoA Del VecchioC TodeaJ ArnabatA EspanaEUROPEAN DIVISIONAL CONGRESS OF THE WFLDProf. Paolo Vescovi (Chairman)Posters (Clinical Cases)Marco MeletiElina AghassiClaudia CaprioglioAdriana BaryliakPosters (Clinical Studies)Gaspare PalaiaMaddalena ManfrediKinga Grzech‐LeśniakErcole RomagnoliPosters (Laser Sciences)Josep ArnabatMarco MeletiGaspare PalaiaChairpersons of the Scientific Sessions:Periodontology–TodeaProsthodontic–EspanaOral Surgery–RomeoPhotobiomodulation–MeletiPhotodynamic–ManfrediImplantology–ZeinounOrthodontics–VitaleRegenerative Med–Del VecchioOral Med–VescoviImplantology–ArnabatRestorative–KaitsasLaser Research–NammourEndodontics–BenedicentiPediatric Dentistry–CherepinskaAbstracts from the 7th Congress of the World Federation for Laser in Dentistry European Division June 20–22, 2019, Parma, ItalyORAL COMMUNICATIONSSPONTANEOUS BONE SEQUESTRATION IN PATIENTS AFFECTED BY MEDICATION‐RELATED OSTEONECROSIS OF THE JAW: ROLE OF PHOTOBIOMODULATIONAbdelfattah Mohammed, Mohsen Ahmed, Rocchetti Federica, Tenore Gianluca, Cassoni Andrea, Valentini Valentino, and Umberto RomeoDepartment of Oral Sciences and Maxillofacial Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome‐ Master Laser in Dentistry in partnership with EMDOLA (Director. U. Romeo), Rome, ItalyBackground: Medication Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ) has been reported as a side effect of antiresorptive and antiangiogenic medications. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been proposed as an adjunctive modality for the management of MRONJ.Objective: To present retrospectively clinical cases of MRONJ showing spontaneous bone sequestration after PBM.Methods: A retrospective study of MRONJ patients who underwent PBM from 2016 to 2019 was done. Inclusion criteria were MRONJ patients with exposed bone and subjected to a minimum one PBM cycle. Exclusion criteria were MRONJ patients subjected to surgical approach. In all patients, controlling oral health conditions, antibiotic therapy, and PBM were done. PBM was applied (8 sessions per cycle) using a multidiodic laser (Lumix C.P.S. Dental, FISIOLINE, Verduno, Cuneo, Italy) emitting simultaneously 650 nm, 810 nm, and 910 nm. The parameters (for session) were Power of 0.6 W, Time of 15 min, Frequency of 30 KHz, and Total Energy of 577.4 J in scanning mode.Results: 6 patients (5 females and 1 male) out of 30 patients showed a spontaneous bone sequestration after PBM. In these patients, the distribution of MRONJ was 83% in maxilla and 17% in mandible. All patients had history of antiresorptive medications administration (bisphosphonates in 4 cases and denosumab in 2 cases). Bone sequestrum was observed after different number of cycles (4 of them after 2 cycles).Conclusions: These clinical cases may highlight the need for further investigations on PBM as an adjunctive modality in the management of MRONJ, especially when the conservative approach is favorable.IS THE NEWEST PROTOCOL OF 810 NM (DIODE LASER) WITH 2 WATT IN LASER ASSISTED ENDODONTICS SAFE FOR ROOT SURFACES OF TOOTH?Aghassi Elina*11Public relations director of WALTClinical investigations of the temperature rises in apical, middle and cervical thirds of root surface with the newest protocol in laser assisted Endodontics compare to body temperature, an in vivo study.Number of patients in this clinical study was 30. Each patient with a single canal tooth for root canal therapy. Canals were sterilized with 810 nm, power 2 W, fibre 200 μm in the continuous mode (CW), radiation time 2 mm/sec, after 5 sec irradiation a 5 sec rest, 4 times for each canal from apical to coronal with circular movement. Temperature of apical, middle and cervical thirds were recorded by digital thermometer. Body temperature was recorded for each patient exactly around the same tooth before treatment too.The highest temperature rises are shown at cervical thirds with mean 37.4867°C, standard deviation 1.44096°C. A normal range, not far from the critical value and very safe for body.This newest protocol in world of laser for root canal therapy with 810 nm (diode laser) at 2 W, with continuous mode (CW) can be used in clinic safely.PHOTOBIOMODULATION WITH FLAT‐TOP HAND‐PIECE: FROM RESEARCH TO THE CLINICAmaroli Andrea*1 and Benedicenti Stefano11Laser Therapy Center, Department of Surgical and Diagnostic Sciences (D.I.S.C), University of Genoa, Genoa, ItalyNowadays, photobiomodulation bases on some “like‐dogmas” that do not consider the advances in the field of the bio‐photonic‐technologies. Higher‐energies uncouple mitochondrial activities, higher‐energies deplete cell's energy, fluences higher than 10 J/cm2 damage cell's DNA, are some of those. Recently, a hand‐piece with a flat‐top irradiation profile has been developed and marketed. This hand‐piece generates a more homogenous irradiation and the same spot size from contact to 105 cm distance from the target tissue. Thanks to the peculiar features of the flat‐top hand‐piece we tested the effect of a higher‐energy laser‐therapy (808 nm, 1 W/cm2, 60 J/cm2, 1W, 60 sec, continuous‐wave) on a wide range of cellular and animal models. The higher‐energy laser‐therapy is able to induce higher ATP production than the low‐level‐energy (96% vs 24%) and stimulate oxygen consumption and cell proliferation as well as intracellular calcium fluxes, in cell model. The higher‐energy does not uncouple the mitochondria respiratory‐chain of extracted mitochondria and does not induces DNA damage in animal model. Conversely, it affects murine‐mesenchymal stem cells by reducing the inflammation process and stimulating cellular growth, osteoblast differentiation and mineralized matrix deposition as well as promotes the wound‐healing in invertebrate‐animal model. Plus, it induces the release of neurotransmitters by nerve terminals and positively modulates the metabolism and the wound‐healing of human‐endothelial cells. In conclusion, the flat‐top hand‐piece features allow effective and not‐dangerous photobiomodulatory effects by irradiation of higher‐energy laser‐therapy. The effects at cellular level are more evident than the low‐level‐energy therapy. We showed that a reconsideration for a higher‐fluence with a higher‐energy should be addressed.BIOFILM REMOVAL METHODS FROM IMPLANTS TITANIUM SURFACE: COMPARATIVE STUDY IN VIVOBarylyak Adriana,*1 Got Sofiya‐Roksolana,2 Uhryn Myron,2 and Barylyak Andriy31Department of Therapeutic dentistry, 2Department of Prosthetic dentistry, and 3Department of Otorynolaryngology, Lviv National Medical University, Lviv, UkraineBackground: Presence of bacteria on the implant surface may lead to inflammation of the mucous membrane around the implant. For the treatment of periimplantitis it is important to remove bacterial plaque and inflammatory tissues.Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of laser technology for eliminating of oral biofilm attached to titanium implants.Methods: For study were used 3 types of titanium disks: machined surfaces; titanium‐nitride coating; acid etched and sand blasting titanium surface.Titanium specimens were fixed into individual removable acrylic splints (12 discs in each splint), which worn by 40 volunteers (age 20–25 years) for 24 h. All discs were divided into six groups: 1 group ‐ control, 2‐nd ‐ cleaning with Er:YAG laser, 3‐d PDT (photodynamic therapy), 4 group ‐ combination of mechanical debridement and cleaning with Er:YAG laser, 5 group ‐ combination of mechanical debridement and PDT, 6 group ‐ mechanical debridement. After cleaning all discs were giving under microbiological evaluations. Three types of grows media were used. Samples were incubated under aerobic conditions. For visualization the impact of methods, the samples were giving under scanning electron microscopy and chemical analysisConclusions: Statistical analysis showed that 4th group has demonstrated the best results on all samples. Other groups (2,3,5,6) showed lower rate of growth of bacteria compared with group 1.All methods were able to reduce the total number of microorganisms from titanium implants. The best results of eliminating biofilms were achieved by synergistic effect (combination of mechanical debridement and irradiation with Er:YAG laser).CHRONIC ORAL CANDIDIADIS AND LLLTCandotto Valentina, Porrini Massimo, Rossi Margherita, Bosotti Moreno, Bossi Eleonora, and Spadari FrancescoDepartment of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences‐University of Milan‐Unit of Oral Pathology and Medicine‐Maxillo‐Facial and Odontostomatology Unit‐Ospedale Policlinico, Fondazione IRCCS Ca'GrandaBackground: Candida is present in 45–65% of healthy infants and 30–55% of healthy adults. In humans, the most common species found in oral candidiasis (OC) is Candida Albicans. Symptoms of OC are commonly mild, but it can be difficult to heal or become relapsing or recurrent. Besides, OC has been growingly associated with the pathogenesis of pre‐cancerous lesions. A variety systemic factors, such as extreme age, underlying diseases, immunodeficiency, promote a switch from commensal to pathogenic Candida. Local factors (dentures, local steroid and xerostomia) can be involved too.Objective: To study the effects of Low Level Laser Therapies (LLLT) in the disinfection of the oral mucous membranes and in the local treatment of chronic OC. Bio‐stimulation of contaminated oral epithelial tissues will be provided with double wavelength laser light (980 and 635 nm). Treatment will be performed on a homogeneous group of 10 patients, reaching a 10 J/cm2 fluence.Results: Results will be compared with LLLT in vitro effects from parallel study.Conclusions: LLLT in decontamination of oral mucosa can be a valid aid in the therapy and prevention of OC. Therefore, effective bio‐stimulation would be able to reduce the risk of developing a pre‐cancerous oral condition.Er,Cr:YSGG LASER EFFECT ON THE SURFACE OF IMPLANTS WITH 3 DIFFERENT TIPS AND PULSE ENERGIESChegeni Ehsan,*1 España‐Tost Antonio,2 Figueiredo Rui,3 Valmaseda‐Castellón Eduard,4 and Arnabat‐Domínguez Josep51DDS, MSc, Fellow of the Master's Degree program in Oral Surgery and Implantology. Master of Science in Oral Applications of Lasers in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona. Barcelona, Spain2MD, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor of Oral Surgery. Director of the Master's Degree in Oral Applications of LASERs in Dentistry, Master's Degree program in Oral Surgery and Implantology, Master's program in Oral Applications of Lasers in dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona. Researcher of the IDIBELL Institute, Barcelona, Spain3DDS, PhD, Associate professor of Oral Surgery. Coordinator of the Master's Degree program in Oral Surgery and Implantology, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona. Researcher of the IDIBELL Institute, Barcelona, Spain4DDS, PhD, Professor of Oral Surgery. Director of the Master's Degree program in Oral Surgery and Implantology, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona. Researcher of the IDIBELL Institute, Barcelona, Spain5MD, DDS, PhD, Associate Professor of Oral Surgery. Director of the Master's Degree in Oral Applications of Lasers in Dentistry Master's Degree program in Oral Surgery and Implantology, Master's program in Oral Applications of Lasers in dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona. Researcher of the IDIBELL Institute, Barcelona, SpainThe main biological complications of dental implants are peri‐implant diseases. Presently there is controversy regarding laser parameters for implant decontamination. The objective of this study was to identify by means of scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) the safe parameters of application of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser on dental implants and to describe the defects caused by laser radiation on implant surfaces with different energies per pulse and different tips. The design was experimental in vitro. We irradiated 30 areas of Avinent dental implants with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser with different power densities and different energies per pulse and studied the surfaces with SEM. We irradiated 2 areas of 15 implants with each of the following tips (10 surfaces per tip): conical (RTF3‐17 mm), side firing (SFT8‐18 mm) and cylindrical 600 micrometers. We developed a classification of surface damage (Chegeni‐Arnabat): no damage (a), small surface damage (b), metal fall and craters (c), and destruction with carbonization (d). Implants irradiated with the tip RTF3‐17 mm with a power density of 1250 W/cm2 presented a class B damage while with 2083.33 W/cm2 presented a class C damage, the lateral and cylindrical tips presented class B damage, the less damaging tip being the Side firing tip with 300 W/cm2. LASER radiation with a lateral tip of 800 micrometers at a power of 1.5 W 30 Hz 40% water 50% air for 60 sec was considered safe for the implant surface.LASER AND SDB (SLEEP‐DISORDERED BREATHING): HOW THE LIGHT CAN HELP THE SLEEP!Crippa RolandoScientific Director ISI Foundation, Head of the Department of Oral Pathology and Laser Therapy, Italian Stomatological Institute, Milan, Italy; Adjunct Prof. CLSOPD, University of Genoa, Genoa, ItalyAmong the indications on the treatment of patients suffering from SDB (Sleep‐Disordered Breathing), related to sleep apnea, there are those of a minimally invasive approach. The choice of treatment depends on the diagnostic clinical classification of the patient, which must be rigorous and multidisciplinary. The first prescription, in the case of a polysomnographic diagnosis of OSA (Obstructive Sleep Apnea) medium or severe, is the use of CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure), followed by the possible application of a MAD (Mandibular Advanced Device). The surgical approach, which involves the uvula, the soft palate and the oropharynx, can be more or less complex, treating the patient with minimally invasive procedures (Pillar procedure, Coblation, Snoreplasty with Sclerosing injections) or invasive (Reductive uvulopalatoplasty, reserved for complex cases). For some years, the use of the Erbium laser: YAG 2940 nm, has been proposed in association with non‐invasive techniques for the non‐ablative treatment of the soft palate and adjacent tissues. The topic of the report will focus on the illustration of the method for which the preoperative situation, the laser use parameters and the therapeutic results will be taken into consideration. We will also discuss the various problems concerning the learning curve and the operating difficulties concerning the appropriate choice of laser's parameters.THE PHOTOBIOMODULATION EFFECT OF NEAR INFRARED LASER ON DENTAL FOLLICLE STEM CELLS CULTURED ON NANOMATERIAL SCAFFOLDCrisan Bogdan,1 Soritau Olga,2 Lucaciu Ondine,3 Bordea Roxana,3 Baciut Mihaela,1 Baciut Grigore,4 Campian Radu Septimiu,3 Bran Simion,1 Dinu Cristian,4 and Crisan Liana41Dept. of Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Implantology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj‐Napoca, Romania2Radiotherapy, Tumor and Radiobiology Laboratory, The Oncology Institute “Prof. Dr. Ion Chiricuţă”, Cluj – Napoca, Romania3Dept. of Oral Rehabilitation, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj‐Napoca, Romania4Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj‐Napoca, RomaniaNear infrared laser wavelengths could produce a photobiomodulation effect on human cells. The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of laser with low‐level and different pulse duration on viability and proliferation of dental follicle stem cells (DFSC) cultured on a scaffold based on composite nanomaterials.The DFSC was cultured on a composite nanomaterial substrate containing nanostructured hydroxyapatite (HA) +1% gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) +1.6% graphenes. For the irradiation was used a laser with 1064 nm wavelength produced by a LightWalker system (Fotona d.o.o). To deliver the laser beam on the DFSC cultured on substrate it was used a GENOVA flat‐top handpiece. The laser irradiation used similar parameters (0.25–0.5 W, 10 Hz, 30 sec) but with different laser pulse duration (MSP, SP, VLP). Cell viability was measured by MTT assay at 24, 48, 72 h after laser irradiation. Also, after 24, 48, and 72 h, the number of cells was counted in microscopy pictures. During the laser irradiation the temperature average was measured.The MTT assay results showed that the viability of DFSC increased after laser irradiation at 24 and 72 h. The number of cells also increased when it was used MSP mode. The temperature measured ranged between 25 and 36 degrees Celsius.The laser wavelength of 1064 nm increase the viability and stem cells proliferation in case of irradiation with low‐level energy and micro‐short pulses. The presence of the composite nanomaterial influence the absorbtion of the laser radiation in cells and the temperature average.THE PHOTOBIOMODULATION (PBM) IN ORAL PAIN MANAGEMENT. NEUROLOGICAL AND CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONSDel Vecchio AlessandroSapienza Università di Roma. Dipartimento Scienze Odontostomatologiche e Maxillofacciali.Pain management through the Photobiomodulation (PBM) in Dentistry and General Medicine has been widely investigated along the last 40 years. However, the mechanisms involved in its action are not clearly understood.Many Authors suggest that PBM anti‐inflammatory action, through the reduction of mediators release as PGE, IL‐1ß and TNFα, has an important role in pain control, like the one of several drugs.Secondly, the reduction of cellular oxidative stress was also considered, especially in muscular pain; it is based upon the reduction of muscular fatigue that is the origin of many myalgias. Another mechanisms related to PBM pain relief could be its selective efficiency in the blockage of neural transmission, especially in Aδ and C fibers which transmit the nociceptive sensations to the Central Nervous System; this action could derive both by the inhibition of the production of neurotransmitters, or by the production of vacuoles in neural axons, that blocks their function.These actions, individually or in different combinations, are involved in pain management of many conditions as: dentin hypersensitivity, TMJ dysfunctions, oral mucositis, MRONJ, teeth orthodontic movement and even in the so‐called Burning Mouth Syndrome, in which PBM may substitute the administration of conventional painkillers or anti‐inflammatory drugs.Further studies are needed to better understand the neurologic mechanisms involved in this action and to establish standardized protocols which could permit great benefits for patients, especially in the case of drug sensitivities or concurrent systemic diseases that limit the possibility to recur to conventional pharmacological treatments.All teeth had the root canals biomechanically instrumented using the ProTaper system Dentsply, Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) and Crown‐down.DENTINAL HYPERSENSITIVITY TREATMENT USING DIODE LASER 980 NM: IN VIVO STUDYEl Mobadder Marwan* and Nammour SamirDepartment of Dental Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Liege (Liege‐Belgium)Discomfort of patients due to dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) is a main challenge. Difficulties treating DH gave rise to many therapies. In this study, graphite paste was used on the area irradiated. The aim is to evaluate effectiveness of diode laser with graphite paste. Null hypothesis was no reduction in pain after treatment. In addition, In Vitro: temperature increase in pulp due to irradiation was measured to assess treatment's safety. 184 patients enrolled in the study, pain was evaluated by visual analogue scale, graphite paste was applied on the exposed dentine, application of diode laser with continuous mode, backward motion, and tangential incidence of the beam in non‐contact mode and a delivery output of 1W. Fiber's diameter was 320 μm and total exposure time depended on the time to remove the graphite. Statistical analyses were performed with Prism 5® software. 12 human adult impacted wisdom teeth were used to assess the pulp rise of temperature after treatment. Reduction of dentinal hypersensitivity occurred in post‐operative. Pain level averages and standards deviations were: 6.505 ± 1.608 for the initial pain, 0.8909 ± 1.045 after treatment, 1.318 ± 2.124 at 3 after treatment and 1.409 ± 2.153 at 6 months. Pain in post‐operative significantly decreased immediately after treatment. All values were under the tolerable increase in temperature. Diode laser 980 nm coupled to graphite paste provides a safe and statistically significant decrease in the DH immediately after application and within 6 months follow‐up. Therefore, the null hypothesis was rejected.PHOTOBIOMODULATION WITH A 645 NM DIODE LASER: IN VITRO EVALUATION OF PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF SAOS‐2 CELL LINE WITH OR WITHOUT PLATELETS RICH PLASMAGhidini G,* Vescovi P, Mori D, and Sala ROral Medicine and Oral Surgery Laser Unit, University Center of Dentistry, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma (Italy)Objective: This in vitro study aimed to investigate possible outcomes resulting by combined use of mesenchymal stem cells, LLLT and PRP. Choosen wavelength was 645 nm; the study included a case‐control structure.Methods: Experiment was conducted on Saos‐2‐ATT‐HTB‐85TM Human Osteosarcoma Cell Line. LLLT was performed every other day for six times in total. Fluence values of 2 J/cm2, 5 J/cm2, and 10 J/cm2 were applied for 1, 2, or 4 min. Cell viability was assessed by resazurin reduction assay. Cell differentiation was assessed by alizarin‐red assay.Results: For proliferation's rate no main differences between protocols were highlighted.For differentiation's rate was observed that inside control wells stem cells with PRP showed higher concentration of Calcium salts deposits than stem cells without PRP, with a mean concentration of 0.8 mM vs 0.11 mM. Protocols applying 2 J/cm2 showed no significant differences between wells with or without PRP. Highest values of Calcium salt deposition were registered for 5 J/cm2 in 2 min application; same results were obtained applying the protocol of 10 J/cm2 in 4 min. Results were statistically significant (p = 0.017) compared to Calcium salt deposition in not irradiated wells (Fisher's Chi2 test).Conclusions: The combination of LLLT and PRP leads to statistically significant increase of both proliferation and differentiation rates. The laser application of 5 J/cm2 delivered in 2 min with Power Density of 130 mW/cm2, meaning a total Energy of 7.8 J and Power of 65 mW, was proven to be the most effective.AUTO‐FLUORESCENCE AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR ORAL CARCINOMA AND OSTEONECROSIS OF THE JAWGiovannacci Ilaria,1 Meleti Marco,2 Bellini Pierantonio,3 Reggiani Camilla,4 Vescovi Paolo,2 and Magnoni Cristina41Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.2Centro Universitario di Odontoiatria ‐ Oral Medicine and Laser Surgery Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.3Department of OroMaxilloFacial Surgery, Modena and Reggio Emilia University, Modena, Italy4Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.Background: AutoFluorescence (AF) is a peculiar visual property of some tissues directly associated to the concentration and distribution of specific fluorophores.Methods: 114 lesions suspicious for oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) were included in the present evaluation. A system emitting 400–460 nm light (VELscopeVx ‐ LED Medical Diagnostics Inc., Barnaby, Canada) was used to assess AF. Each specimen was classified as normo‐/hypo‐/hyper‐/ fluorescent and the histopathological pattern was analyzed. Lesions were graded as having: no dysplasia; dysplasia (mild or moderate) and carcinoma.Furthermore, AF pattern of 56 bone specimens have been evaluated.Results: A strong statistically significant association between histological alteration (OED or carcinoma) and AF alteration considering both hypo‐ and hyper‐fluorescence was highlighted (p = 0.005). A statistically significant difference in the AF alteration related to diagnosis, with progressing value from no dysplasia to dysplasia and then carcinoma was demonstrated. (No dysplasia: altered AF in 42.9% of cases; Mild/Moderate dysplasia: altered AF in 78.9% of cases; In situ Ca/OSCC: altered AF in 100% of cases ‐ p < 0.001). 100% of hypo‐fluorescent specimens was necrotica bone; 86% of hyper‐fluorescent specimens was normo‐structured bone (p < 0.001).Conclusions: AF alteration is statistically related to histological alteration. So, not only hypo‐fluorescence, but also hyper‐fluorescence should be taken into consideration.Moreover, a strong correlation between AF and bone vitality have been demonstrated and AF can be useful in highlighting surgical margins of osteonecrosis of the jaws.DEBONDING OF CERAMIC LAMINATES WITH Er,Cr:YSGG LASER, IN TWO MATERIALS, WITH DIFFERENT THICKNESS AND DIFFERENT PARAMETERS OF IRRADIATIONHernán GiraldoDept. of Prosthodontics, UniCIEO, Bogotá, ColombiaObjective: To promote the Er,Cr:YSGG laser to remove ceramic veneers, three researches are presented, comparing the debonding resistance of ceramic laminates and determine the type of failure, after treatment with and without Er,Cr:YSGG laser, with different fluences, two type of materials and four different thicknesses.Methods: Three researches used bovine teeth. In each of them, a 6 mm diameter ceramic laminate, was bonded with a resin cement. Some of the veneers were irradiated with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser of 2.780 nanometers (Waterlase iPlus® Biolase), during 60 sec. In each of the three studies the following parameters were modified:1: 63 teeth ‐ 3 groups: (n = 21) – Feldspathic laminates. Thickness: 0.8 mm. The two experimental groups of laminates were irradiated with two fluences: 4 J/cm2 and 2.7 J/cm2. The control group was not irradiated.2: 60 teeth ‐ 3 groups (n = 20) – Lithium disilicate laminates. Thickness: 0.8 mm. The two experimental groups of laminates were irradiated with two fluences: 4 J/cm2 and 5.33 J/cm2. The control group was not irradiated.3: 72 teeth ‐ 4 groups (n = 18) – Lithium disilicate laminates. Thickness: 0.4–0.8–1.2–1.6 mm. All laminates were irradiated with 5,33 J/cm2.Debonding resistance tests were performed with an universal testing device and samples were observed under the stereomicroscope, at 20 X magnification.Results and conclusions: Using Er,Cr:YSGG laser is an adequate and safe technique to remove ceramic veneers. The thickness of veneers influences the debonding resistance.EFFECTIVENESS OF PHOTOBIOMODULATION WITH LOW‐LEVEL LASERS ON THE ACCELERATION OF ORTHODONTIC TOOTH MOVEMENT: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META‐ANALYSISGrajales MarggieMaster of Laser Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, España; Postgraduate Orthodontics, UniCIEO, Bogota, ColombiaBackground: The forces causing tooth movement trigger an inflammatory reaction of tissues, stimulating bone remodeling, but patients refer pain and discomfort. Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) stimulates collagen synthesis, bone remodeling and increases the speed of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Studies on acceleration of tooth movement were found with different results due to variations in LLLT application protocols.Objective: This systematic review aims to determine the effectiveness of low‐level lasers on the acceleration of OTM during canine retraction and develop a meta‐analysis in which the effectiveness of LLLT on the acceleration of OTM is evaluated.Methods: This research was conducted based on Cochrane and PRISMA statements. The studies were searched in 5 electronic databases. Randomized clinical trials were selected. Orthodontic treatments with first upper premolars extractions using canine retraction mechanics were included. The effectiveness of LLLT was evaluated during canine retraction and quality and risk of bias were evaluated. The main data of the studies were recorded and results were analyzed using a meta‐analysis with randomized effects model.Results: 430 publications were found in databases and 15 studies were selected. Qualitative and quantitative analyzes were carried out. 9 studies had significant results to accelerate OTM with LLLT. A greater tendency of lasers to induce the canine retraction movement was found, during months 2 and 3, with high heterogeneity among the selected studies.Conclusions: A tendency of LLLT was determined to be effective on the acceleration of OTM during upper canine retraction. There was high heterogeneity among the studies selected for the meta‐analysis.DIODE LASER APPLICATIONS IN ORTHODONTICS: CLINICAL REPORTGrecolini Maria Elena,1 Fornaciari Paolo Andrea,2 and Celli Daniel31Private practice ‐ Lecce ‐ Italy2Private practice ‐ Reggio Emilia ‐ Italy3Private practice.‐Pescara‐Italy ‐ Visiting Professor University of Sacred Heart, RomeObjective: The purpose of the work is to illustrate the versatility of diode laser in orthodontics.Materials and methods: The study describes the use of diode lasers in low invasiveness surgical procedures that are frequently performed during orthodontic treatment. The following procedures will be described: gingivectomy, gum flap (operculum) opening, treatment of gingival hypertrophy, included teeth uncovering, labial and lingual frenulectomy, gingival recontouring for aestheti