Abstracts from the World Federation for Laser Dentistry—Asia Pacific Division Virtual Conference July 16–17, 2021

Abstract

Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser SurgeryAhead of Print AbstractsFree AccessAbstracts from the World Federation for Laser Dentistry—Asia Pacific Division Virtual Conference July 16–17, 2021Published Online:17 Sep 2021https://doi.org/10.1089/photob.2021.29018.abstractsAboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstracts from the World Federation for Laser Dentistry—Asia Pacific Division Virtual ConferenceJuly 16–17, 2021ORAL PRESENTATIONS1. LASER‐NERVE SOLDERING IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERYProf. Reza Fekrazad, DDS, MSc, FLD, FICDRadiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, IranTissue welding (fusion) or soldering are challenging topic in soft tissue surgery. Several studies have been done to improve the efficacy and outcomes of conventional suturing techniques or find alternative suture less approaches to overcome the limitation of suturing especially in laparoscopic, endoscopic, and microsurgical methods. Sutures, no matter how small, cause mechanical damage to the tissue during their insertion and presence of permanent sutures leads to a foreign body reaction with further inflammation and scarring at the repair site. In addition, suturing especially in visceral surgery does not create a watertight connection, resulting to an entry for pathogens and subsequent infections. Multiple different laser systems including the argon, carbon dioxide, YAG and diode laser were introduced in tissue adhesion in blood vessels, gut, nerves, skin. This technique offers advantages over conventional micro suturing including: less suture or needle trauma and decreased foreign body reactions and faster healing. The disadvantages have been low strength (due at least in part to low light penetration depths) and probable thermal damage to surrounding tissue.2. THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE OF LASER DENTISTRYProf. Akira Aoki, PhD, DDSDepartment of Periodontology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, JapanSince 1991, I have been engaged in laser research and its clinical applications in dentistry. During these past 30 years, laser dentistry has developed greatly and no one would have imagined such progress. Currently, lasers are used for various purposes in the treatment of oral diseases. If you use lasers properly, with precise knowledge and sufficient experience, laser treatment can provide you with a great deal of satisfaction, while at the same time being comfortable for the patient and yielding excellent, sometimes unexpectedly dramatic, treatment outcomes. Laser Dentistry will build on its legacy of accomplishments with unrelenting progress, paving a bright way for the future of Dentistry.3. LASER ASSISTED ORAL DECONTAMINATION IN COVID‐19 PATIENTSDr. Katayoun AM Kalhori, DDS, MS, MScIranian Medical Laser Association, Tehran, IranCOVID‐19 came to this world and changed the whole world unbelievably. How all aspects of human life have been affected by this pandemic situation is beyond expectations. This is the reason of its importance.In human body there are few zones of corona virus proliferation and distribution of corona virus. At the early stage, the virus id considered to be reproduced in the mucosal epithelium of upper respiratory tract (nasal cavity and pharynx) followed by further reproduction in the lower respiratory tract and gastrointestinal mucosa. Therefore, restraining its proliferation in the initial sites is of great importance. On the other hand, since dental treatments are done in this danger zone, dentistry is a field of high involvement risk. Laser technology can be a helpful via its antiviral photodynamic therapy ability. Antiviral photodynamic therapy is a valuable, minimally invasive, and irresistible treatment modality for support and treatment of viral diseases. We believe corona virus is not an exception and can be controlled by antiviral photodynamic therapy. And will try our best to explain you how it will help.4. NEW PERSPECTIVES IN TREATMENT OF PERI‐IMPLANTITIS: IS LASER A RAY OF HOPE?Assoc. Prof. Neda MoslemiDepartment of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranWith the growing use of implants in daily practice, the prevalence of complications has been increasing. Peri‐implant disease is the most common complication after osseointegration of dental implants. Peri‐implantitis refers to the inflammation of soft and hard tissues around the osseointegrated implants and corresponds with the clinical manifestations of bleeding one probing, suppuration, increased probing depth, and marginal bone loss. At present, there is no documented protocol for management of sites with peri‐implantitis and this is regarded as one of the most challenging issues in the field of periodontology. Due to the lack of access to the deep surfaces of the implant fixtures, adequate decontamination is not possible by mechanical instruments. The maximum level of decontamination of dental implant surface without surface alteration and increase of temperature is the main goal in treatment of peri‐implantitis. Recently, there is an interest to see if lasers could be effective and safe in treatment of peri‐implantitis or not. The current literature shows encouraging results in terms of effectiveness of lasers for surface decontamination. In this lecture, I will present the latest evidences associated with this topic and will discuss about the advantages and limitations of lasers for treatment of peri‐implantitis.5. CURRENT EVIDENCE OF LASER APPLICATION IN PERIODONTAL SURGERIESDr. Leila Gholami, DDS, MSc, Fellowship in Laser DentistryDepartment of Periodontology, Dental Faculty, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, IranBackground and objective: Lasers can be useful devices for adjunctive and also monotherapies in periodontology. The aim of the current review is to discuss the potential application of different lasers in periodontal surgical treatments as monotherapy.Material and methods: Online data bases were searched for original articles and case reports on applications of lasers in periodontal surgical procedures. A brief review of the mechanism of laser and periodontal tissue interactions will be discussed with presentation of some clinical cases of application of laser in periodontal surgical procedures.Results: The potential applications of lasers in periodontal surgeries are categorized and presented in two main categories of soft tissues and hard tissues applications and discussion of the use of laser as monotherapy in periodontal surgery.Conclusions: There are many applications for lasers in periodontal surgeries reporting their safety and comparable results with conventional therapies. The correct choice of laser and its irradiation parameters and patient selection are of great importance in obtaining favorable results. Take home message developments in laser devices has now made it possible to perform almost all periodontal surgical procedures safely and completely using lasers. Case selection and correct adjustment of irradiation parameters is of great importance in reaching desired results which needs to be evaluated in future well designed studies.6. EFFECT OF LOW‐DOSE PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY ON NORMAL AND DIABETIC FIBROBLAST CELLS WOUND HEALINGDr. Khatereh Khorsandi, PhDDepartment of Photodynamic, Medical Laser Research Center, YARA Institute, ACECR, Tehran University of medical sciences (TUMS) branch, Tehran, IranBackground and objective: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a non‐invasive method, which has been studied for several decades to treat cancer, infections, and other diseases. PDT involves the administration of a photosensitizer compound followed by irradiation to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is possible that low dose photodynamic therapy (LDPDT) could improve wound healing. This study we explored the effects of LDPDT on wound healing in vitro using normal and diabetic cellular wound models.Material and methods: The effects of different concentrations of 5‐ALA and different energy densities (dark or light) on the cell viability of HDF cells were studied using the MTT assay. Scratch wound assay was performed on both normal and diabetic cells and then cells treated with 1 and 5 μg/ml of 5‐ALA at 1 J/cm2 energy density. ROS production and morphological alteration of the cells were studied.Results: The mortality of normal fibroblast cells increased with increasing 5‐ALA concentration and also increasing energy density (up to 3 J/cm2). However, in diabetic, the mortality rate did not decrease. Diabetic cells showed increased migration and closure compared to normal cells under similar conditions. A low concentration of 5‐ALA (5 μg/ml) and low energy density of 1 J/cm2 in both normal and diabetic cells gave a small increase in ROS levels compared to controls. This may explain the positive effects of LDPDT on wound healing.Conclusions: The findings of this study suggest that LDPDT may have a potential effect on the wound healing of diabetic wounds.7. LOW‐LEVEL LASER THERAPY (LLLT) FOR ALLEVIATING PAIN IN ORTHODONTIC PATIENTSAssociate Professor Farzaneh Ahrari, DDS, MScDental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranPain/discomfort is a common experience in subjects wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Pain usually affects routine activities such as sleep, eating and chewing, and may even encourage some patients to undergo early termination of therapy. Traditionally, prescription of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been considered as the most effective strategy for controlling pain, but the use of these drugs has raised health concerns due to the reported side effects like gastrointestinal problems, thrombocytopenia, and renal insufficiency. Low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) has been widely used in dentistry because of the analgesic and anti‐inflammatory effects and its great benefits in accelerating the wound healing process. Some studies employed LLLT over the course of orthodontic treatment for controlling pain initiated after separator or arch wire placement or during canine retraction, but the results are controversial. In this lecture, some recent studies on the application of lasers for alleviating pain in orthodontic patients are reviewed, focusing on the optimal laser settings to achieve the best therapeutic result.8. TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA AND MANAGEMENT BY SOFT LASER THERAPYProf. Arshad Mahmood Malik, MDS, FPAOMFS, FPSOMP, FICD, FPFADepartment of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental College Islamabad, PakistanClassical trigeminal neuralgia (TN) requires demonstration of morphologic changes in the trigeminal nerve root from vascular compression. Secondary TN is due to an identifiable underlying neurologic disease. TN of unknown etiology is labeled idiopathic. The diagnosis of TN critically depends on a patient's description of pathognomonic pain attacks. Unequivocal definition of the characteristic features of TN is therefore mandatory. Soft laser management criteria must encompass variants of the clinical phenotype and incorporate the etiology of TN. Diagnostic certainty is graded possible when pain paroxysms occur in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve branches. Soft laser therapy relief on triggered paroxysms permit the designation of clinically established TN. The neuropathic pain and its management by soft laser on the basis of understanding its pathophysiology will be briefed directing the GP to correct road map for the use of soft laser and its limitations. Take home message laser has changed the approach to manage the pain control of oro‐facial region. Thanks to laser photobioactivation properties which will change the TN management in the near future.9. WORLD FEDERATION FOR LASER DENTISTRY (WFLD) — A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVEProfessor Loh Hong Sai, BDS, MDS, FDSRCS, FDSRCPS, FAMSOral and Maxillo‐facial Surgery; Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, SingaporeWorld Federation for Laser Dentistry (WFLD) was first founded in 1988 as the International Society for Laser Dentistry (ISLD). It is a non‐profit organization that aims to promote international laser dentistry to enhance clinical excellence through applications and research from collaborations with leading universities, associations and laser organizations. Presently, WFLD has more than 60 countries participating in its activities, including an international conference once every 2 years since 1988, and in between hosting regional congresses organized by its five divisions for the continuing education of all its members from North America and Canada, South America, Europe, Middle East and Africa and Asia Pacific regions.WFLD is affiliated with a reputable laser journal, and its divisions also organize postgraduate and certification courses regularly. WFLD is well regarded as the leading laser organization in the world.10. LASER DENTISTRY FROM ONSITE TO HYBRID EDUCATION IN THE PANDEMIC ERAProfessor Sajee Sattayut, PhD, DDS (First Class Honors)Oral and Maxillo‐facial Surgery department, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, ThailandOwing to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the local and overseas travelling has been limited. Even though online education has been introduced for more than 10 years, the full online based study without onsite is challenging. We introduced the full online course in laser dentistry which was composed of theory and practice. The study model called the hybrid: online and onsite was conducted. This comprised online study with electronic module and discussion on e‐classroom, hybrid stimulation laboratory practice and clinical demonstration. The paper examination and interview evaluation were conducted. There were 11 participants in this course. They were successfully passed the evaluation at the score in the range of 70–90%. The laser dentistry education is able to arrange by the full online course using the hybrid model. Take home message: The laser dentistry education can be delivered via full online in the pandemic era by using efficient study model, sufficient knowledge and active networks.11. LASER SURGICAL AND NON‐SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF MRONJProf. Paolo Vescovi, DDS, MSc, PhD, Spec Oral SurgOral Medicine and Clinical Stomatology Department, University Center of Dentistry and Academic Hospital of Parma, ItalyThe combination of laser photobiomodulation with medical or surgical treatment, appears to improve vascularization of the coating mucous membrane, regeneration of the bone, reduction of pain and inflammation with a bactericidal effect. Surgical elimination of necrotic bone with erbium laser represent a minimally invasive technique inducing micro‐perforations at the base for renewed vascularization. The intra operative examination of bone autofluorescence (AF) with a wavelength of 400‐460 nm, seems to be a suitable guide during surgical debridement/resection of necrotic bone. Combined treatment with antibiotics, minimally invasive surgery (including erbium laser) eventually AF guided and laser photoomodulation in the early stages of the disease, should be the gold standard of MRONJ management.12. ENHANCE PERIODONTAL TISSUES HEALING BY LASERProf. Yi Liu, DDS, PhDDepartment of Periodontics, Capital Medical University School of Stomatology, ChinaPeriodontal tissue healing is a complex procedure. Inflammation, tissue reparation and remodeling were sequence appeared and overlapped in this process. Er:YAG and diode laser are common used lasers to improve periodontal tissue healing. In this presentation, we compared the clinical outcomes after using traditional scaling and root planning and Er:YAG laser. In vitro study, we observed morphology of the root surface by SEM after Er:YAG laser treatment, and the ability of periodontal cell attaching to the root surface. To accelerate wound healing, a soft tissue defect was created on mouse palate. The wound healing effect and speed were observed after low‐level laser (LLL) treatment. These results provided the evidence for clinical laser application.13. IS GREEN LIGHT COMBINED WITH DEGRADABLE OPTICAL FIBER THE FUTURE OF BONE DEFECT REPARATION?A/Professor Wang Yuguang, DDS, PhDLaser Specialty Committee of the Chinese Stomatological AssociationPhotobiomodulation (PBM), especially short‐wave (blue‐green) light, significantly promotes bone regeneration by accelerating cell proliferation, migration and differentiation, but the depth of green light penetration limits the application of this technology in vivo. We constructed a flexible biodegradable optical waveguide (BOG) to provide a solution for applying green light in deep bone defect tissue and explored the effect and molecular mechanism of green light promoting the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs). The BOG was conducted with poly (L‐lactic acid) & poly (L‐actic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLLA&PLGA)‐based optical fibers and the diameter of the waveguide constructed by 3D printing is only about 200 microns. The BOG possesses superior flexibility and biocompatibility and degrades with bone regeneration reaches enough penetration depth in the tissue to achieve adequate green light coverage and reduces the thermal effect of laser irradiation. The green light conducted by the fiber activated the transient receptor potential vanillic acid subtype 1 (TRPV1) channel through the photosensitive protein melanoprotein (OPN4) and caused a transient increase in intracellular calcium ion concentration. Calcium ions transmit the signal to protein kinase Cα (PKCα) and cross‐react with the MAPK‐ERK signaling pathway. The phosphorylation of C‐RAF, MEK1/2, and ERK expands the signal cascade, and the osteogenic transcription factor RUNX2 is upregulated by p‐ERK, which ultimately promotes the osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stem cells. In vivo, we introduced green light into SD rat bone defects through the degradable optical fiber and performed micro‐CT and tissue staining, which proved its superior ability to accelerate bone regeneration.14. AMAZING PHOTOBIOMODULATION ON BONE METABOLISMProf. Satoshi Yokose, PhD, DDSDivision of Endodontics and Operative Dentistry, Department of Restorative and Biomaterials Sciences, School of Dentistry, Meikai University, Chiba, JapanThe osteocytes receiving mechanical loads release signal molecules, which orchestrate differentiation and activity of osteoblasts or osteoclasts to adapt the shape and structure to the mechanical environment. Therefore, osteocytes can act as a mechanosensory cell and play a role in regulating bone metabolism. Given that stimulation of laser irradiation to bone tissue is the same as mechanical stimulation, it has been postulated that laser irradiation can control bone metabolism and apply for bone regenerative therapies. Then we have reported that photobiomodulation (PBM) of carbon dioxide laser induced dentin matrix protein 1 (Dmp‐1) expression but inhibited sclerostin expression in cultured osteocytes from rat calvaiae. In general, it is reported that sclerostin and Dmp‐1 as soluble factors are expressed and/or suppressed by osteocytes responding to mechanical stress in bone tissue, and the soluble factors influence on proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. Our in vivo experiments using rat tibiae received bone defects analyzed using 3D micro CT also demonstrated that bone formation in the healing process can be accelerated by PBM of diode and Nd:YAG lasers. Our results indicate that PBM on bone tissue is capable of controlling the functions of osteocytes, resulting in the application of laser irradiation to bone regenerative therapies. However, recently we investigated that PBM of diode laser affected not only osteoblast differentiation but also osteoclast differentiation, bone immune system (osteoimmunology), osteoblastogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. In this presentation, I am going to explain the bone metabolism influenced by opposing mechanisms in response to PBM, based on our basic experiments, and I would like to consider the possibility of laser in bone regenerative therapy.15. SUCCESSFUL PERIODONTAL AESTHETIC TREATMENT USING AN ER: YAG LASERAssoc. Prof. Koji Mizutani, DDS, PhDDepartment of Periodontology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, JapanLaser ablation has been recognized as one of the most effective and reliable minimally invasive treatment modalities for gingival pigmentation. Er:YAG laser micro‐keyhole laser surgery (EL‐MIKS), a novel depigmentation technique, was able to successfully remove an extended area of metal tattoos in the gingiva with simpler, easier and less invasive procedure than conventional periodontal plastic surgery.16. LASER‐ASSISTED BONE REGENERATIVE THERAPY FOR PERIODONTITIS, IMPLANT TREATMENT AND PERI‐IMPLANTITISDr. Yoichi Taniguchi, PhD, DDSSchool of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, JapanBone regenerative therapy are applied to periodontal and implant treatment. Especially, membrane technique such as guided tissue/bone regenerative therapy was commonly performed to regenerate for major bone defect in periodontal therapy and to improve for insufficient bone quantity in implant treatment. However, membranes increase the risk of impaired healing in the interdental region and alveolar ridge area as well as postoperative exposure of the membrane and infect to grafted bone. To date, a highly effective and low‐morbidity surgical procedure has not been generally established for bone regeneration in severe bone defects. Recently, we developed a novel bone regenerative procedure, Er:YAG laser‐assisted bone regenerative therapy (Er‐LBRT), which induces blood clot coagulation in the superficial areas of grafted bone. We have applied this technique in periodontal regenerative therapy. Er‐LBRT achieved successful clinical outcomes that are more than equivalent to those seen with conventional periodontal regenerative therapy at a lower risk such as infection to bone graft material. Furthermore, Er‐LBRT was applied to regenerative therapy in ridge preservation and ridge augmentation and peri‐implantitis treatment. In this lecture, the Er‐LBRT procedure is introduced and its effectiveness is discussed based on clinical evidence.17. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS IN PHOTONIC APPLICATION IN ORTHODONTICSDato' Dr. How Kim Chuan, Managing DirectorOsseointegration Society of Malaysia, MalaysiaThe application of photonics application in orthodontics in the past 20 years have been advancing by leaps and bounds. 1. Laser surgery in soft tissue swelling, apicectomy, frenectomy, lingual frenectomy. 2. Low‐level laser therapy in speeding up orthodontic treatment. 3. Intra oral scanning technology in digital orthodontic development. 4. 3D diagnostic imaging in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning as well as post treatment evaluation. Photonics technology is the future of dentistry with wide clinical application from conventional surgical to minimally invasive surgery and nowadays non‐invasive surgery. Diagnostic imaging in photonic technology also a major breakthrough.18. PRINCIPLES OF LIGHT PROPAGATIONProf. Judith Dawes, PhDDepartment of Physics, MQ Photonics Research Centre, Macquarie University, AustraliaThe talk will review light propagation in different media, including the phenomena of scattering, absorption, and transmission and reflection at surfaces, and how these are measured in practice. The Beer‐Lambert Law for light propagation in various media will be explained. Light absorption by chromophores in tissues leads to photothermal, photomechanical, photochemical and photo‐biomodulation effects. Light propagation in optical fibers and waveguides will also be discussed.An understanding of the principles of light propagation in tissues is important to enable practitioners to optimize their use of lasers for clinical treatment.19. USE OF 445NM BLUE DIODE LASER IN CLINICAL DENTISTRYDr. Kenneth Luk BDS, DGDP, MGD, MScPrivate practice, Hong KongQuestion: Do you have laser in your office? “Answer: I have a diode laser. An opening conversation about soft tissue laser treatment. Although diode lasers are soft tissue lasers, they emit wavelengths from 445 to 980 nm. There are similarities of 445 nm compared to other diode wavelengths, yet different. This presentation will share the clinical applications of 445 nm blue laser.There are many wavelengths produced by diode lasers. To understand the optical properties of 445 nm that is different from other diode wavelengths.20. LASER APPLICATION IN ORAL LICHEN PLANUSDr. Thao Thi Do, DDS, MSC, PhDDepartment of Oral Pathology and Periodontology, Faculty of Odonto‐Stomatology, Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, VietnamOral lichen planus is a chronic inflammatory immune‐mediated disease of oral mucosa. Immunopathogenesis of Oral lichen planus is thought to be associated with cell‐mediated immune dysregulation. There are six different types of oral lichen planus: reticular, atrophy, erosive, plaque, popular and bullous. Oral lichen planus usually cause burning sensation, taste disturbances, irritation and discomfort with speech, chewing, swallowing. Despite this disease targeting the oral mucosa, its great impact on quality of life is underrated.Oral lichen planus has been considered a potentially malignant disorder. Therefore, these lesions should be treated and monitored in the long term. Various treatments have been designed to improve clinical signs and symptoms of oral lichen planus. Laser surgery is an effective method for elimination of signs and symptoms of oral lichen planus.This review provides different laser therapies in the treatment of oral lichen planus and how to evaluate the efficacy of laser therapies for the treatment of these lesions.21. TINNITUS, TMD AND PBMTProf. Jan Tunér, DDSPrivate Practice, Swedish Medical Laser Association, Stockholm, SwedenSomatosensory tinnitus is a diagnostic subgroup that is often overlooked by otolaryngologists. This phantom sound can be evoked by muscular tension in the limbs, spine, neck or in the TMJ. Dentist could therefore play and important role in the treatment of TMD‐related tinnitus, but the patient rarely believes that a dentist could be part of the solution and does not tell. So, dentists should include this question in the anamnesis. PBMT is already known to be a useful in TMD therapy and can consequently be a valuable tool in somatosensory TMD‐related tinnitus. This presentation will highlight some experiences by Swedish dentists in this field and will suggest reasonable PBM parameters. Tinnitus can be related to TMD and PBMT is a valuable adjunct method.22. EXPLORING THE USE OF LASER FOR SAFE RETRIEVAL ALL‐CERAMIC DENTAL PROSTHETIC RESTORATIONAssociate Prof. Kinga Grzech‐Leśniak, PhD, DMD, MScDepartment of Oral Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, PolandFixed dental prostheses require lifelong maintenance and restoration, though removal of prosthetic components will often be necessary. Nowadays, with the increase of patients' aesthetic expectations, all‐ceramic restoration has been gaining popularity ‐ being the most desirable in particular, because of its aesthetic value. Materials most commonly used are high‐strength ceramic materials.Removal of zirconia veneers, crowns or bridges, thanks to their great bonding capabilities and physical strength, can be a challenge. It often requires sectioning using rotary instruments. In many cases, except for wasted time and effort, it can lead to irreversible damage to the tooth surface or abutment. In the end, the patient will be forced into getting new prosthetic restoration, which is time‐consuming and frustrating for both clinicians and the patient.Recent literature shows that lasers from the erbium family can be used for different ceramic restoration's safe retrieval. This lecture will describe possibilities, advantages and limitations of the ceramic orthodontics brackets de‐bonding, veneers, crown and bridges retrieval from natural teeth and implant abutments which bases on current knowledge and literature.23. PHOTOBIOMODULATION IN ONCOLOGY: PREVENTIVE AND CURATIVE MANAGEMENT OF CANCER THERAPY‐INDUCED TOXICITIESProf. Rene‐Jean Bensadoun, MD, MSc, HDRDepartment of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Poitiers, Nice, FranceThere is a large body of evidence supporting the efficacy of low‐level laser therapy (LLLT) also known as photobiomodulation (PBM) when used for the prevention and/or treatment of oral mucositis (OM) in patients undergoing radiotherapy for head and neck cancer (HNC).In vitro studies assessing the effect of LLLT/PBM on tumor cells have reported conflicting results. This diversity of effects is likely to be specific to LLLT power and dose. However, no clinical studies reported tumor protection or enhanced tumor growth as a result of LLLT exposure. For OM management, optimal LLLT/PBM parameters were: Wavelength: typically between 633–685 nanometer (nm), or 780–830 nm; Energy density: laser or light‐emitting diode (LED) output between 10–150 mw; Dose: 2–3 Joules (J/cm2), and no more than 6 J/cm2 on the tissue surface treated; Schedule: 2–3 times a week up to daily; Emission type: continuous or pulsed (<100 Hertz) as low frequency pulsed light may be superior to continuous wave light for wound healing; Route of delivery: intra‐orally or transcutaneously. Although evidence suggests that LLLT/PBM is safe in HNC patients, vigilance remains warranted to detect any potential adverse effects of LLLT/PBM on cancer treatment outcomes and survival.24. FRONTIERS OF FLUORESCENC