The Effect of the Dental Stem Cell Secretome on Tissue Regeneration: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Secretome therapy is a promising approach in tissue regeneration because it can reproduce most of the advantages of cell-based therapies. This review aims to investigate the most prominent effect of using dental-derived secretome on tissue regeneration using a systematic review approach. A systematic electronic search was conducted via the PubMed, Scopus and Wiley online library databases for studies published in English up to October 2020. All the articles from the databases were screened, and the criteria for inclusion and exclusion were applied. Forty papers were included in the study, whereby there were 16 in vitro studies and 11 in vivo studies with different animal models. No clinical trial has been reported yet. The most studied DSCs were human SHEDs (12 studies), followed by human DPSCs (11) and human PDLSCs (5). The majority of the studies used secretome from human SHEDs and DPSCs. TGF-ß 1 is the most frequently detected protein in the secretome, which comes from six types of DSCs, followed by NGF and NT-3, which were found in five different types of DSC secretome. The compositions of the secretome were found to promote the regeneration of the tissues through their neurogenic, angiogenic, osteogenic and odontogenic effects, with the majority of studies reviewed reporting using them for nondental tissue regeneration. From this review, DSC-CM reported favorable tissue regeneration potential; however, many factors need to be explored in future research with regard to the application of secretome delivery, particularly DSC-CM, in the clinical setting.