Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to improve the film stiffness of a dry gas seal (DGS) through the proper design of 3D macroscopic surface structures based on numerical study. Design/methodology/approach A novel generalized three-dimensional (3D) geometric model is proposed to characterize macroscopic surface structures of a DGS, including grooves, waviness, radial taper and step. The mathematical model is established to simulate film pressure distribution. The effect of the surface profile and groove bottom profile on the steady-state performance of DGSs at different working conditions is investigated. Findings The unidirectional groove surface has the largest film stiffness at different speed conditions and the largest opening force at medium and high speed, whereas the annular groove has the largest opening force at static pressure. For obtaining the maximum film stiffness, unidirectional combined variable depth groove surface when ns = 0.4 and k = 0.5 outperforms the other unidirectional groove surfaces, whereas circumferential waviness when ns = 1 and k = 1 is the best choice among annular groove surfaces. Originality/value This study proposes a novel generalized 3D geometric model to characterize macroscopic surface structures of a DGS. The optimal groove bottom profile for different surface profiles of DGS is presented.
Published Version
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