The Effect of Suppression of Vortex Generator Jets with Asymmetric Orifices on Flow Separation

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In vortex generator jets (VGJs), the beneficial effect of separation control is obtained only if the jets are pitched to the lower wall and skewed with respect to the freestream direction. In particular, in the case of VGJs with circular orifices, the jets are pitched at an angle of 45 deg or less to the wall to achieve effective suppression, due to the generation of strong dominant vortices. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the vortices for the VGJs with the rectangular orifices are stronger and appear to provide more effective momentum transfer across the wall boundary layer, in contrast to the vortices for the VGJs with circular orifices in the previous study. In the present study, the suppression effect is investigated for VGJs with T-shaped orifices combined into two rectangular orifices in the case of a large pitch angle (60 deg). The VGJs with T-shaped orifices were practically applied to the flow separation control of a two-dimensional diffuser, and the suppression effect for the T-shaped orifices was compared to that for the circular orifices. The behavior and the decay of longitudinal vortices in the downstream direction are also described. The T-shaped orifices produce a counter-rotating vortex pair that has different strengths between positive and negative vortices, and longitudinal vortices exist near the lower wall. Therefore, the VGJs with T-shaped orifices provide more effective momentum transfer to the boundary layer and make the separation control effective, in contrast to the VGJs with circular orifices. The formation and behavior of the counter-rotating vortex pair produced by the interaction of the jets and the freestream in the downstream direction were strongly affected by the jet orifice shape.