Abstract
Stunting is a condition in which toddlers have less length or height compared to age. Stunting can affect physical growth, motor development, and motor activity. Children who experience motor skills are caused by obstacles to the muscle maturity process so that muscle ability is reduced. Many studies say there is a link between cognitive and motor development. Objective: To study the effect of stunting against cognitive and motor development in children toddlers. This study is a systematic review of the literature. The inclusion criteria for search studies were quantitative research, free full text, Indonesian, or English. Selection of published articles with a range of 2015-2020 and free full text, after reading the title of the article and looking at the inclusion criteria, then it is re-selected by looking at the sample criteria based on age and development, and an assessment is carried out using the JBI format. There is a stunning effect on the cognitive and motor development of children ages toddler. The results of the study stated that children who were stunted had an 11.98 times greater chance of having motor development below average. As well as the mild stunting category with cognitive development suspect there is a delay in toddlers, namely not being able to mention the type of color, differentiating the size of the object, mentioning gender, pairing known images. While the moderate stunting category with cognitive development suspect or experiencing delays can result in reduced brain cells by 15-20 percent. Toddlers who experience the severe stunting category with cognitive development suspect there is a delay, marked by slow maturity of nerve cells, slow motor movements, lack of intelligence, and slow social response. Stunting affects cognitive and motor development in children toddlers. Some of the impacts that arise are memory decline, inaccuracy in storing objects, delays in verbal and non-verbal, and delays in thinking.
Highlights
Stunting is a condition in which toddlers have less length or height compared to age
These children had z Core deficits in fine motor skills, gross motor skills
Boys had significantly lower fine motor skills
Summary
Stunting (dwarfism) is a condition in which toddlers have less length or height compared to age. This condition is measured by a length or height that is less than minus two standard deviations from the WHO's median child growth standard. In 2017 22.2% or 150.8 million children under five in the world experience stunting, but the figure is already experiencing a decline when compared with the figure of stunting in the year 2000 is 32.6%. Results Riskesdas proportion of status of nutrition is very short and short in the toddler years 2007-2018 in Indonesia experienced a decline that is at 37.2 to 27.67 percent or t con. While in Java Barat proportion of status of nutrition is very short and short toddler years 2013 - 2018, namely from 35.3 to 31.1 percent, or down 4.2 percent in five years (Riskesdas, 2018)
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