Abstract
[Purpose]Pueraria lobata/rehmannia glutinosa (PR) and exercise have been receiving a lot of attention from postmenopausal women, as a result of the side effects of estrogen replacement therapy. However, the effects of PR and exercise on fatty acid transporters (FATPs), which play essential role in fatty acid transport, have not been studied. In this study, we evaluated the effects of PR and aerobic exercise on FATP1, FABPpm and FAT/CD36 expression in ovariectomized rat skeletal muscles.[Methods]Sixty rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: (1)HSV; high fat diet (HFD)+sedentary+vehicle, (2)HSP; HFD+sedentary+PR, (3)HSH; HFD+sedentary+17β-estradiol, (4)HEV; HFD+exercise+vehicle, (5) HEP; HFD+exercise+PR, (6)HEH; HFD+exercise+17β-estradiol. Exercise consisted of treadmill exercise (1-4th week: 15 m/min for 30 min, 5-8th week: 18 m/min for 40 min, 5 times/week).[Results]Exercise does not alter FATP1 and FAT/CD36 gene levels in soleus and plantaris muscles. In contrast, exercise had main effect on up-regulation of FABPpm mRNA expression in both muscles. However, FABPpm level was not increased by exercise combined with treatments, indicative of no additive effects of PR or hormone on FABPpm gene expression. On the other hand, immunohistochemistry result showed that translocation of FATPs proteins to plasma membrane were higher in PR, exercise groups, and exercise combined with PR groups in both muscles.[Conclusion]These result showed that aerobic exercise and PR may help increase fat-oxidation through the induction of FABPpm, a muscle specific transporter, in OVX rat skeletal muscles. In addition, FABPpm expression is possibly regulated post-transcriptionally in exercise, or pre-translationally in PR.
Highlights
Overweight and obesity are critical social problems, because they are associated with major causes of various diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and so on 1, 2
Rats were randomly divided into 6 groups following treatment groups: (1) high fat diet (HFD) + sedentary + vehicle (HSV), (2) HFD + sedentary + pueraria lobata/rehmannia glutinosa (PR) (HSP), (3) HFD + sedentary + 17β-estradiol (0.5 mg/kg body weight/day) (HSH), (4) HFD + exercise + vehicle (HEV), (5) HFD + exercise + PR (HEP), (6) HFD + exercise + 17β-estradiol (HEH)
Effects of PR and exercise on fatty acid transporters mRNA expression in soleus muscles To determine the effects of PR, 17β-estradiol and exercise on fatty acid transporters gene expression in OVX rat soleus muscles, fatty acid transporters mRNA level was analyzed by using real-time qPCR (Fig. 2)
Summary
Overweight and obesity are critical social problems, because they are associated with major causes of various diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and so on 1, 2. Many postmenopausal women are overweight or obese and are exposed to the risk of related diseases from hormonal changes during the menopausal period[3]. The loss of estrogens is the main reasons of bone loss and osteoporosis in women after menopause period[4]. Estrogen deficiency could directly mediate imbalance of lipid metabolism in postmenopausal women[5]. Previous studies have shown that fat mass and the waist-to-hip ratio were greatly increased, but loss of fat-free mass was significant in postmenopausal women[6, 7]. Many postmenopausal women suffer from the metabolic syndromes, which are abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia caused by estrogen deficiency[8]
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