The effect of liquid smoke (Cocos nucifera) in controlling acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in Litopenaeus vannamei

Abstract

Vibrio parahaemolyticus is found in coastal environments throughout the world and is a major pathogen that causes Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) with mass mortalities in Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Penaues vannamei). The extract of coconut shell liquid smoke (Cocos nucifera) was tested for antibacterial effect against AHPND in vitro. It was further evaluated for its potential efficacy in preventing AHPND in vannamei shrimp in vivo. The water in this study has been tested and positive for Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Two experimental diets were obtained by adding 0.5% and 1% liquid smoke to a commercial shrimp diet. The dietary supplementation with liquid smoke significantly enhanced shrimp growth performance during 90 days of rearing. A liquid concentration of 0.5% showed a higher growth performance (17.56 gr) than a 1% concentration (14.4 gr). Liquid smoke added to the shrimp fed partially entered the shrimp’s digestive system, and some would dissolve into the water. This water-soluble bioactive is thought to reduce the concentration of V. parahaemolyticus in waters. This was proven by the fact that no shrimp were infected with V. parahaemolyticus during the 90-day rearing.