The Effect of Childhood Stress on Telomeres (A Literature Review)

Abstract

Telomeres are DNA repeat structures that are bound by protein and found at the chromosomal end, they regulate the ability of cells to replicate, prevent fusion of chromosomes from forming together and prevent genetic data leakage. Although telomere shortening takes place naturally as one ages, several research studies suggest that there is a correspondence between physiological environment and length changes of telomeres. This study highlights on how childhood stress such as maternal depression, low economic status, violence, and family disruption impact the length of telomeres. Studies by the National Institute of Health confirm that exposure to childhood stress accelerates the shortening of telomeres. Additionally, this review assesses how each type of childhood stress at different developmental stages alters telomeres' length. To further understand how these factors affect telomere length, mechanisms contributing to telomere shortening have also been discussed.