The dielectric properties of ice Ih in the range 272–133 K

Abstract

The amplitude of the orientational dielectric dispersion of impure polycrystalline ice Ih has been measured at temperatures down to 133 K in an attempt to find evidence for an ordering transition. The Curie–Weiss temperature is 6.2±1.7 K and so, within the experimental precision, there is no significant evidence that the molecular orientations become more correlated than the ice rules require. From the most recent results on polycrystalline ice, the Curie–Weiss temperature is 15±∼11 K. As this temperature is far below the lowest experimental temperatures, the evidence for an ordering temperature is not firm. The activation energy for dielectric relaxation in the impure ice is 25.5 kJ mol−1 at high temperature and increases at low temperatures. The low activation energy is caused by impurities that generate orientational defects in about the maximum number physically possible, and is mainly the activation energy for diffusion of the defects. At lower temperatures, the impurities produce fewer defects and the activation energy rises because the energy required to produce the defects begins to contribute to it. The low-temperature region in D2O ice with unknown dopants, which has been well studied by Johari and Jones and by Kawada, is due to this effect. An analysis suggests that the low-temperature region would be well worth studying for a sample with known dopants.