THE DIAGNOSIS OF PHLEUM PRATENSE AS ALERGOGEN ON THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN WHITE LABORATORY RAT

Abstract

Allergic reactions in the body are initiated by non-pathogenic allergens that cause hypersensitivity to the immune system of the type I hypersensitivity group, characterized by excessive activation of the cells of the white blood cell, mast cells and basophils by IgE, resulting in an inflammatory response. The particles of the allergen in the body mainly penetrate the mucous membranes of the body openings causing a series of reactions by activating T cells and B cells. The main symptoms of allergic reactions are secretion from the mucous membrane, irritation, swelling with itching and redness. The aim of the research came from the assume that in the white laboratory rat, when treated with an allergen isolated from the pollen of the Phleum pratense plant, there may be an allergic reaction, and hence a change in some parameters of the immune system.As a result of these assumptions the following specific goals were set. To determine the change in the concentration of immunoglobulins in serum from the blood taken from the rats every week for a month, to determine the variation in the total number of leukocytes, determine the number of basophils that compared to the reference value will indicate whether there are certain changes. The basophils were the target of the study because it is known that their number is the same with the number of mast cells that also increase during the allergic reaction. Our goal was also to determine the changes in the above parameters in relation to the different concentration of the allergen.As an experimental model we used white laboratory rats from the Wistar kind.All of them were female at the age of 6 to 9 weeks. The chosen age is due to their genetic predisposition to develop Th2-type cells that are involved in the immune response to the model of the allergy that has been studied. The rats were divided into three groups of six animals, the first group of rats being treated with an allergen in a quantity of 5 μL, adsorbed in 100 μl Al (OH) 3 (Serva, Heidelburg, Germany, 2 mg / mL) in a total volume of 150 μl sterile PbS., treated with a recombinant allergen from Phleum pratense at room temperature, a second group treated with an allergen in an amount of 2.5 μl, and a third group of control rats that are not treated and serve to compare the results. Our studies have shown that in the treatment with an allergen isolated from the pollen of the plant Phleum pratense at concentrations of 5 μl and 2.5 μl,the white laboratory rat develops an allergic reaction with a change in the concentration of immunoglobulins, changes in the total number of leucocytes, the percentage of lymphocytes , monocytes and basophils. The results obtained by the ELISA test of the two volumes show that the concentrations of immunoglobulins during the experimental period of day by day, are continuously increasing, and are proportional to the volume of the allergen.