Abstract
AbstractThis study evaluated gamma radiation-enhanced sulfamethazine (SMT) degradation, which belongs to the heterocyclic sulfonamides, in different conditions in aqueous solution. The results showed that gamma irradiation could increase the SMT removal in aqueous solution, and the SMT degradation kinetic follow the modified pseudo-first-order kinetic. The degradation rate was nearly 95% at the absorbed dose of 4 kGy. The removal of total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) could be also induced. When the radiation dose was 5 kGy, the removal rates were only about 6.8% and 10.5% for TOC and TN, respectively. Some ions including HCOO−, CH3COO− and SO42− released during SMT degradation were studied. The biodegradability and toxicity of intermediate products of the SMT degradation were also proposed in this experiment. The biodegradability of the SMT can be improved by the intermediate products of SMT degradation at the radiation dose of 1, 2 and 5 kGy. Gamma radiation could be used as a pretreatment technology before the biodegradation process of pharmaceutical waste water.
Highlights
This study evaluated gamma radiationenhanced sulfamethazine (SMT) degradation, which belongs to the heterocyclic sulfonamides, in different conditions in aqueous solution
This study focuses on the SMT degradation effect of gamma irradiation in aqueous solution
As more reactive species are produced at higher radiation dose, more HCOOH molecules are released from the SMT degradation process
Summary
Abstract: This study evaluated gamma radiationenhanced sulfamethazine (SMT) degradation, which belongs to the heterocyclic sulfonamides, in different conditions in aqueous solution. The biodegradability of the SMT can be improved by the intermediate products of SMT degradation at the radiation dose of 1, 2 and 5 kGy. Gamma radiation could be used as a pretreatment technology before the biodegradation process of pharmaceutical waste water. Antibiotics are one of the greatest inventions in the field of medicine in the world They are widely used for curing human and animal diseases. This study focuses on the SMT degradation effect of gamma irradiation in aqueous solution. The main objectives are as follows: (1) to investigate the degradation effect and kinetics of SMT at different absorbed doses; (2) to identify some organic acids and ions in the process; (3) to evaluate the biodegradability and microbial toxicity of radiolytic degradation of SMT in aqueous solutions
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