The Cross-Cultural Examination of 3×2 Achievement Goal Model in Taiwan

Abstract

There were many problems in dichotomy, trichotomy and 2×2 achievement goals questionnaires. In addition, the 2×2 achievement goal models compound two foci- absolute/intrapersonal in mastery goal, resulted in failing to assess the achievement goals. Therefore, researchers proposed 3×2 achievement goal model to better assess students’ achievement goals. Until now, there is a few empirical and cross-cultural researches to verify about the 3×2 achievement goal model. The purpose of present research is to investigate the construct and structural validity between junior high and elementary school students in Taiwan. If any gender differences exist on students’ achievement goals also discussed. The questionnaire is shown to have good reliability of internal consistency on both school levels. For junior high school students, the 3×2 achievement goal model fit very well, but the elementary school students’ data does not. This result may imply the elementary school students cannot clearly discriminate between 3×2 achievement goals as well as the junior high school students. Generally, the 3×2 achievement goal model fits better than the other three competing models (dichotomy, trichotomy and 2×2 achievement goals) in both groups. Results from the chi-square tests indicate that there are no gender differences in the pattern of achievement goals. Finally, the implication of future researches are discussed.