The content of bacteria, yeasts and fungi in the soils of apple orchards in the north CCR

Abstract

The aim of our research was to study the ratio of bacteria, yeast and fungi in soils occupied by apple orchards of different ages in the northern part of the Central Black Earth Region and fragmentarily in the Stavropol Territory. The research was carried out in 2015-2017 in fruit growing farms in the Tambov, Lipetsk, Penza regions and the Stavropol Territory. The objects of research were soils (typical chernozem, leached, podzolized, meadow-chernozem, chernozem-meadow, chernozem-moist-meadow and gray forest soils) under industrial apple orchards. The gardens were laid out according to 5x3, 6x4 and 6x8 m schemes on stocks 62-396, 54-118 and seed. The age of the surveyed gardens is from 15 to 89 years. In the waterlogged chernozem-meadow and chernozem-moist-meadow soils, the highest number of bacteria was noted, but the lowest number of fungi. The greatest amount of yeast and mold fungi (favorable for the apple rhizosphere micro flora) is noted in gray forest soils and podzolized chernozems. In the root layers of the near-stem strips of apple orchards, there were 2.3 times less bacteria, but 3.8 times more yeast and 4.4 times more fungi than in the aisles. There are more bacteria, yeast, and fungi in the humus horizon of the near-stem strips of old apple orchards than in the soils of younger orchards. As the age of the garden increases in the ratio “bacteria: yeast: fungi”, the proportion of yeast increases 2 times, and the proportion of fungi - 1.5 times. A year after stubbing the gardens in the 0-40 cm soil layer, the amount of molds becomes average between their content in the near-trunk strips and aisles. The death of trees on chestnut soil was noted where there were 5 times more bacteria, 2.5 times less yeast and 2 times less fungi.