The condition of electrolyte homeostasis in children with hereditary hemolytic anemia

Abstract

Objective. Determine the content of electrolytes in the blood serum depending on the severity of anemia in children with hereditary hemolytic anemia.Material and methods. Observations were made on 36 children with hereditary hemolytic anemia (NGA) aged between 3 to 14 years. The distribution by gender was as follows: 16 girls (44.5%) and 20 boys (55.5%). The average age of the participants during the study was 9.5±0.45 years. These children were categorized into three groups based on anemia severity. Primary school-aged children formed the majority, followed by preschoolers, with senior school-aged children being the least in number. Upon admission to the clinic, a thorough examination of each child was conducted, encompassing a detailed complete blood count, erythrocyte morphology, biochemical blood tests (measuring total bilirubin and its fractions), blood serum electrolyte levels (K+, Na+, Ca+, Fe+), and an analysis of bone marrow punctate.Results and discussion. Electrolyte analysis yielded these findings: In children with mild HHA (14 patients), compared with the control group, the concentration of blood electrolytes (K+, Na+, Ca+, Fe+) were within the normal range. In children with moderate HHA (12 patients), the concentration of Fe+ was slightly higher compared with the control and the first group, respectively, and there was also a slight increase in the concentrations of K+, Na+, Ca+ compared with healthy children and children with mild HHA. In children with severe HHA (10 patients), as a result of the development of a hemolytic crisis, the concentration of electrolytes in the blood serum is significantly higher than K+, Na+, Ca+, Fe+ compared with children in the control group K+, Na+, Ca+, Fe+ and patients with mild and moderate, respectively.Conclusion. The study revealed significant clinical changes in the internal organs, as well as pronounced metabolic disorders in the body, due to chronic hemic hypoxia and impaired blood electrolyte composition.