The clinical efficacy and analysis of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for adult severe acute respiratory distress syndrome

Abstract

Objective To investigate the clinical experience and associated factors of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO)for adult patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS). Methods The clinical data of 22 adult patients with severe ARDS, which met the criteria for ECMO, were retrospectively collected and analyzed.The ECMO team all receiving VV-ECMO treatment(Veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation), data collection including the patients, general data, blood gas analysis, hemodynamics, mechanical ventilation parameter before and after the ECMO treatment and the auxiliary complications, etc.The control group were 14 cases of patients with severe ARDS which receiving conventional treatment; We collected the same data as the research team. Results In the research, 8 patients treated with VV-ECMO, There were 5 males and 3 females, with an average age of (46.3±14.1)years.Compared with the factors at the same time point in the control group, those of the ECMO group, except MAP (t=-0.872, P=0.357), Respiratory rate(t=-1.670, P=0.357), Heart rate(t=-1.973, P=0.042), PH(t=-1.432, P=0.033), PaCO2(t=-2.564, P=0.024), PO2(t=-4.955, P<0.001), PO2/FiO2(t=-3.654, P<0.01), PEEP(t=-1.382, P=0.031), Pplateau(t=-2.785, P<0.01), Blood lactate(t=-2.564, P=0.024) were significantly improved after ECMO running 24 hours (all P<0.05). And also the factors such as the length of ICU stay(t=-2.452, P=0.027), the times of mechanical ventilation(t=-1.478, P=0.038), number of organ failure(t=-1.963, P=0.047), the hospital mortality rates(t=-1.970, P=0.045) and treatment costs(t=-1.667, P=0.035) between the ECMO group and the control group were significantly different (P<0.05). In the end, we divided the ECMO group into survival group and death group, and compare the time of Mechanical Ventilation before ECMO(P=0.031) the total time of Mechanical Ventilation(P=0.038), the time of ECMO adjutant(P=0.047), the length of ICU stay(P=0.043)and the cost of treatment (P=0.037)between the two groups; and there were also statistically significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusion ECMO can significantly improve the patients, oxygenation and respiratory physiology indexes which can not sustain under the conventional mechanical ventilation therapy and win the time for rest and repair of lung.Indexes such as age, time of mechanical ventilation before ECMO therapy, the primary cause of ARDS are the important factors influencing the efficacy of ECMO treatment in the patients with severe ARDS. Key words: Respiratory distress syndrome, adult; Ventilators, mechanical; Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation