Abstract
In Peru, particularly in the province of Lima, there exists a situation of high demand for water and limited availability, resulting from several factors, such as asymmetric distribution of water, accelerating population growth, and high levels of surface and subterranean water pollution. In addition, the region is experiencing the consequences of climate change and global warming, which aggravate the water scarcity situation. Given this scenario, the implementation of alternative resources is urgently required, so that additional sources of water supply can be generated, thereby reducing the pressure on existing natural water sources and improving the quality of receiving water bodies, since the purification of wastewater constitutes a sustainable mechanism to minimize environmental impacts. In this context, this article aims to address the following questions: What legislative solutions have been introduced to deal with the problem of water pollution in Peru, predominantly wastewater of untreated domestic origin? Moreover, how significant is the consideration of treated wastewater as an alternative water source? Specifically, the aim is to offer a legal analysis of the reusing of treated wastewater in Peru, based on a review and interpretation of the regulatory system which defines the administrative and technical aspects of water reuse regulation and management; however, the article begins by conducting an analysis of the recommendations produced by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) applicable to wastewater management, within theframework of the Country Program, and Peru’s incorporation into that initiative.
Highlights
Una primera aproximación al proceso de incorporación a la OCDE fue la realización de la Evaluación de Desempeño Ambiental (EDA) del Perú, en la cual se precisan las principales oportunidades del país para mejorar su desempeño ambiental
there exists a situation of high demand for water
the region is experiencing the consequences of climate change
Summary
Citar como: Paucar, F. e Iturregui, P. (2020). «Los desafíos de la reutilización de las aguas residuales en el Perú». En el Perú y, en particular, en la provincia de Lima se observa una situación de mayor demanda hídrica y menor disponibilidad a causa de diversos factores, como son la distribución asimétrica del recurso, el crecimiento demográfico acelerado, los altos niveles de contaminación de las aguas superficiales y subterráneas, entre otros, lo cual genera una situación de escasez hídrica. Su finalidad estriba en el análisis jurídico de la reutilización de las aguas residuales tratadas en el Perú, a partir de una revisión del ordenamiento normativo que establece los aspectos técnicos administrativos de su regulación y gestión, en aras de mostrar su régimen especial. Previo a ello, resulta conveniente realizar un análisis de las recomendaciones elaboradas por la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) para el manejo de aguas residuales en el marco del Programa País, a fin de alcanzar el Perú su incorporación a la misma. Palabras clave: Desempeño ambiental, aguas residuales, tratamiento, vertimiento, reutilización, planta de tratamiento
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