THE BORROWINGS AND THE PROCESS OF GLOBALIZATION (FRENCH-ENGLISH LANGUAGE CONTACT)

Abstract

The desire for economic unity of the world, for the globalization, leads to the tendency of is its linguistic unity. In recent years, the experts notice that such objective factor as the prevalence of the Internet has led to the oversimplification of some world’s languages and to the baseless clogging of them with English Term. It is certain, that borrowing within reason is fully justified. However, when such borrowing leads to severe morphological, syntactic or phonetic changes and causes harm to linguistic system of the language that borrows such borrowing is baseless and harmful. The analysis of English borrowings reveals the following four types of lexical borrowing: integrated, hybrid, false loan and tracing. Integral borrowing is reduced to unchanged borrowing of the form and content of a word or phrase, without any graphic adaptation (or adaptation). A hybrid borrowed includes borrowed meaning with partial borrowing of structure of foreign words. False borrowings are reduced to formal borrowing of components that allow to create a new word when neither form nor value are not fixed in the language from which this term is borrowed. Therefore, the French often has words which combining English components do not comply with the lexical meaning of English terms. There are a lots of such terms in the French vocabulary. Tracing involves semantic, morphological and idioms tracing. In fact, morphological tracing integrates a borrowed English meaning of a word by literal translation: supermarché–supermarket. Used as synonyms such borrowings allow the user to highlight his views, approaches and enrich his own vocabulary. Phraseological tracing is often called idiomatic tracing. In this case English phraseological units meet their French equivalents. Semantic tracing consists of imposition of borrowed meaning on the words which already exist in the language that borrows. Syntactic tracing reduced to borrowing of syntactical structure of English language. Phonetic tracing reduced to preserving of English pronunciation. The internationalization of many English terms makes the communication in sphere of science, technology and production easier. That is, borrowing from other languages is absolutely justified if it doesn’t lead to clogging of a language and doesn’t disrupt the structural integrity of a language, that borrows and doesn’t do harm to its evolutionary development. Key words : globalization; borrowing; tracing; analysis.