The Application of Radiographic Imaging in Forensic Odontology

Abstract

Radiographic imagery has always been a key feature in the application of forensic dental identification, especially in mass disaster scenarios. The saying, ‘a picture is worth a thousand words’ was framed by Henrik Ibsen in the 1900s and this applies particularly to a forensic dental identification report when read by parties such as the police, HM Coroner and even the deceased’s family. The comparison of two-dimensional radiographic images Ante Mortem (AM) and Post Mortem (PM) have become part of the routine dental identification process, alongside evidence from AM and PM chartings. The radiographic images can give a distinctive pictorial understanding of the corresponding dental features which form the basis for a positive identification. Radiographs often can make the difference between a positive or established identification (as this is based on imagery) and a possible identification (based on the charting). This chapter will discuss the use of various conventional 2D radiographic techniques and their application in forensic odontology, along with the adaptation and analysis of PM medical CT scans to compare with AM clinical dental evidence. It will also describe how innovative three-dimensional comparative techniques can establish an individual’s positive dental identification. These more contemporary CT techniques are paving the way forward to a new era of forensic odontology, where there is less reliance on invasive techniques to access the teeth and jaws. Where possible, with these novel imagery identification techniques, an intact body can be preserved, which helps to maximise the level of dignity and respect offered to an individual in death.Key wordsForensic odontologyRadiographyPost mortem computed tomographyPMCTIdentificationAMPMMass disasterImagery techniques2D3Dcone-beam.