Abstract
This descriptive analytical study aimed at examining the application of linguistic-based functional approaches in assessing the quality of translation. A number of translation quality assessment models were analyzed to investigate the potential of integrating linguistic theories into translation theories. The problem that the present study tackled was that institutions of translation at higher education, translation organizations, and agencies of translation worldwide face difficulties in evaluating the quality of translation. Using objective criteria, which are based on the variables of quality, is still debated among these shareholders. The rationale of the present study is that adopting functional linguistic approaches can help in understanding the components of the quality of translation in terms of the relationship between translation purposes and functional adequacy. Linguistic functional approaches can determine the relationship between textual adequacy, and translation quality of content. Therefore, the current study followed a nonlinear design, which allowed an intensive description and analysis of three functional models applied in Translation Quality Assessment (TQA), and their effectiveness in assessing the quality of translation. Corpus data was collected from the theories and original works of House, Nord, and Colina, on translation quality assessment. Problems related to discourse analysis, function of the language, text typology, and theories of equivalence were examined. Translation criticism and evaluation including the classification of the functional hierarchy of translation, standards and benchmarks, empirical evidence for the success and limitations of the linguistic functionalist approaches in translation assessment, and competences and performances in translation, were thoroughly investigated. The research recommendations of the current study emphasize a number of issues relevant to translation evaluation. These issues are: (a) the significance of integrating the linguistic functional approaches into the curriculum of translation; (b) the importance of defining the components of solid criteria that can be employed for evaluating the quality of translations; and (c) the necessity of providing an empirical tool that can reveal the strengths and weaknesses of translated works. As such, this research study is a contribution in the field of translation evaluation and criticism as it provides a number of models that can be implemented in translation classrooms or in translation organizations. This study also provides an evaluation matrix, based on the models of TQA that can help translators understand the requirements of translation quality prior to the translation process itself. This research is also among the first studies to illustrate how to implement linguistic functional approaches that can be adopted by translation organizations, academic institutions, and publishing houses, to evaluate professional translations and this will inevitably lead to raising the standards of translation quality.
Highlights
While previous research (Anari & Ghaffarof, 2013; ATA, 2015; Baker, 2011; Colina, 2003, 2008, 2009, 2015; Doyle, 2003; Drugan, 2013; Hatim & Mason, 1990; Hewson & Martin, 1991; House, 1977, 1997, 2015; Kiraly, 2005; Melis & Albir, 2001; Melis & Hurtado, 2001; Nord, 1991, 1997, 2005; Williams & Chesterman, 2002) indicated that the evaluation of translation is relevant in three areas of translation, which embrace the evaluation of published translations, the assessment of professional translators’ works, and evaluation in translation teaching, the current study focused on the area of Translation Quality Assessment (TQA) using linguistic functional approaches
The analyses of the data indicated that linguistically-oriented functional approaches that are currently used at some higher institutions and translation organizations worldwide, are effective in terms of : (a) analyzing the source and the target texts; (b), identifying textual and pragmatic problems inherent in the texts; (c) providing valid criteria to carry out the tasks of evaluation objectively; (d) using quantitative and qualitative tools to measure the quality of the translated texts; (e) and making suggestions to improve translation competences
Research (Angelelli, 2009; Brookhart 2013; Colina, 2003; Hague, Melby, & Zheng, 2011; Karimnia & Mahjubi, 2013; Moskal, & Leydens,2000; Tomlinson & Moon, 2013) concluded that assessment tools should measure students’ levels, and recognize their progress and guide them to produce a high quality product. This descriptive analytical study aimed at exploring the effectiveness of functional linguistic approaches in assessing the quality of translation
Summary
While previous research (Anari & Ghaffarof , 2013; ATA, 2015; Baker, 2011; Colina, 2003, 2008, 2009, 2015; Doyle, 2003; Drugan, 2013; Hatim & Mason, 1990; Hewson & Martin, 1991; House, 1977, 1997, 2015; Kiraly, 2005; Melis & Albir, 2001; Melis & Hurtado, 2001; Nord, 1991, 1997, 2005; Williams & Chesterman, 2002) indicated that the evaluation of translation is relevant in three areas of translation, which embrace the evaluation of published translations, the assessment of professional translators’ works, and evaluation in translation teaching, the current study focused on the area of Translation Quality Assessment (TQA) using linguistic functional approaches. The major component of the translation process is that translation is always discussed, criticized, and evaluated, the questions are: what criteria can be used to carry out the assessment process? The current study tried to provide answers to such questions through examining the attempts the that were made to create objective criteria into the evaluation of translation, including the linguistic-based approaches such as Reiss’ (1981, 2004) objective- relevant criteria, Nord’s (1991, 1997, 2005) didactic model, Colina’s (2003, 2008, 2009, 2015) functional-componential approach, House’s (1977, 1997, 2015) functional-pragmatic model, and Schaffner’s (2011) text-linguistic approach. The current research investigated the theories of equivalence while exploring the application of some functional linguistic models for assessing the quality of translation
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