Abstract
This work presents the use of extended Modified Lambert Beer (MLB) model for accurate and continuous monitoring of percent blood carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) (SCO) and oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb) saturation ( SO 2) via a fitting procedure. This quantification technique is based on the absorption characteristics of hemoglobin derivatives in the wavelength range of 520–600 nm to give the best estimates of the required parameters. A comparison of the performance of the developed model and MLB law is made using attenuation data from Monte Carlo simulations for a two-layered skin model. The results revealed a lower mean absolute error of 0.4% in the values estimated by the developed model as compared to 10% that is given by the MLB law. This study showed that the discussed approach is able to provide consistent and accurate measurement of blood SO 2 and SCO across different skin pigmentations suggesting that it may potentially be used as an alternative means for clinical diagnosis of carbon monoxide ( CO ) poisoning.
Highlights
The concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in blood or carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) is the key parameter used to evaluate one's CO toxicity level after exposure to the °ammable, toxic gas
The conventional technique used for accurate measurement of percent blood COHb saturation (SCO) is limited to those that involve collecting and analyzing blood sample, which is impractical for continuous monitoring of one's blood CO level
The Monte Carlo simulated re°ectance data for a two-layered medium with optical properties described in Sec. 2.1 are used here to compare the accuracy of percent OxyHb and COHb saturation given by Modied Lambert Beer (MLB) and extended MLB
Summary
The concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) in blood or carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) is the key parameter used to evaluate one's CO toxicity level after exposure to the °ammable, toxic gas. The conventional technique used for accurate measurement of percent blood COHb saturation (SCO) is limited to those that involve collecting and analyzing blood sample, which is impractical for continuous monitoring of one's blood CO level. Non-invasive and continuous measurement of COHb can be provided by pulse CO-oximeter but this device is shown to produce large error in the estimated value of 14%.2. Fast and non-invasive measurement of arterial blood OxyHb saturation (SO2) can be provided by pulse oximetry, but its high accuracy is limited to SO2 greater than 70%. Techniques that are able to provide fast and accurate measurement of percent saturation of oxygen and CO in blood are of signicant value, especially to individuals who are occupationally exposed to incomplete combustion of organic materials such as that of coal- ̄red power plant operators andreghters
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