Abstract
Oxidative stress is an important etiology of chronic diseases and many studies have shown that natural products might alleviate oxidative stress-induced pathogenesis. The study aims to evaluate the effect of Argan oil and Syzygium aromaticum essential oil on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced liver, brain and kidney tissue toxicity as well as biochemical changes in wistar rats. The antioxidant content of Argan oil and Syzygium aromaticum essential oil was studied with the use of gas chromatography. The animals received daily by gavage, for 21 days, either distilled water, Syzygium aromaticum essential oil, Argan oil, H2O2 alone, H2O2 and Syzygium aromaticum essential oil, or H2O2 and Argan oil. Blood samples were withdrawn on day 21 for the biochemical blood tests, and the kidney, liver and brain tissue samples were prepared for histopathology examination. The results showed that the content of antioxidant compounds in Syzygium aromaticum essential oil is higher than that found in Argan oil. H2O2 increased level of blood urea, liver enzymes, total cholesterol, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C), Triglycerides (TG) and Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL), and decreased the total protein, albumin and High Density Lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). There was no significant effect on blood electrolyte or serum creatinine. The histopathology examination demonstrated that H2O2 induces dilatation in the central vein, inflammation and binucleation in the liver, congestion and hemorrhage in the brain, and congestion in the kidney. The H2O2-induced histopathological and biochemical changes have been significantly alleviated by Syzygium aromaticum essential oil or Argan oil. It is concluded that the Argan oil and especially the mixture of Argan oil with Syzygium aromaticum essential oil can reduce the oxidative damage caused by H2O2, and this will pave the way to investigate the protective effects of these natural substances in the diseases attributed to the high oxidative stress.
Highlights
Free radicals are naturally present in the living organism, and they include reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [1]
The results of this study showed that Argan oil and Syzygium aromaticum essential oil has a protective effect on H2O2-induced biochemical changes and histopathological injury in kidney, liver
The results of this study showed that Argan oil and Syzygium aromaticum essential oil has a protective effect on H2O2-induced biochemical changes and histopathological injury in kidney, liver and brain
Summary
Free radicals are naturally present in the living organism, and they include reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) [1]. When the ROS present in physiological concentration, they play an important role in the maintenance and the functioning of the body, but when their production exceeds the capacity of the cells to trap them, they start a state of oxidation called oxidative stress [4]. When the oxidative stress is moderate, the intervention of endogenous antioxidant systems of the organism can handle the situation to return to the physiological state. When oxidative stress becomes chronic, it leads to the appearance of several diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes and cancer [5,6,7,8,9,10,11]
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