Teoretycy literatury i nazwy własne (uwagi wstępne)

Introduction. Literary onomastics is one of the areas of linguistics that responds most sensitively to changes in society’s worldview orientations. A proper name in a literary text is not only a means of nomination but also an indicator of the author’s conceptual vision allowing us to understand how the writer interprets space, time, and the human being. In the prose of Max Kidruk, one of the most prominent Ukrainian authors in the science-fiction genre, onomastics carries a worldview-oriented character. Research aim. To identify the structure, semantics, origin, and functions of proper names in Max Kidruk’s novel New Dark Ages: Colony. Research object. The onomastics of the literary text of the novel. Research methods. This analysis of the novel’s onomastics employs descriptive, structural-semantic, and contextual-interpretative methods, along with elements of linguistic-stylistic statistical analysis. Research results. The article analyzes the onomasticon of Max Kidruk’s novel “New Dark Ages: Colony” as a complex linguistic and artistic system reflecting the philosophy of a technocratic future. The study focuses on the functioning of anthroponyms, toponyms, technonyms, and cultonyms, determining their origin, semantic structure, and stylistic function. It is established that proper names in the novel perform not only nominative but also characterological, ideological, symbolic, and aesthetic roles, forming a unified semantic field of a post-human world. Special attention is paid to anthroponyms reflecting the national identity of the characters and toponyms structuring the space of Earth and Mars. The study highlights the coexistence of global (English, German, Scandinavian) and Ukrainian proper names that preserve the ethno-cultural dimension. Through this system of names, Kidruk rethinks the boundary between humanity and technology, empathy and control, the real and the virtual. Conclusion. The onomasticon of Max Kidruk’s novel New Dark Ages: Colony represents a systematically organized set of more than 230 proper names that reflect the following: the globalization of twenty-second-century culture; the loss of national identity; the technocratic worldview of the future; and the attempt to preserve humanity through names that remember their roots (the Ukrainian diaspora). Anthroponyms form the psychological portrait of humankind, toponyms outline the geography of catastrophe, technonyms define the system of technological power, and cultonyms embody the philosophy of the post-human era.

Proper names are considered within the framework of the macrotext on the example of the texts of modern authors. The role of poetonymsis revealed when working with the image of a hero: naming as an indicator of social status, self-perception of a name, a name in communicative situations, etc. Currently, there is an increase in interest in the study of onomastics, including literary onomastics. A work of art is a special area of the functioning of proper names: here the words correspond not only with the real world, but also with the created reality; not only with modern discourse, but also with the language of the work itself. In the text, onymic units establish associative links. Proper names are an important component in the system of means of artistic expression. There are not so many works devoted to the study of the language of modern prose. In the scientific literature, the proper name’s role in works of fiction has not been fully studied. The subject of this study is proper names in a literary text. The object is the proper names of a literary text in modern prose. The theoretical and methodological basis was the work of domestic and foreign linguists. In the analysis of practical material, a descriptive method was used, systematization of onomastic units was carried out, as well as a generalization regarding the binding role of these linguistic elements in a literary text. The name is the bearer of a certain meaning, which reflects the conceptual intent of the author. It has been established that the choice of proper names in an artwork is determined by the context and is subject to the author’s intention. Proper names play a particularly important role in the structure of a literary text, serving as a key for expressing the author’s creative individuality, principles, beliefs and attitude to the real world. If the writer successfully chooses a name for his hero, then such a name acquires a certain semantic and stylistic load and deepens the emotional and artistic impression of both this image and the whole work as a whole.

Onomastics is an area of scholarly interest that has grown considerably in importance in recent years. Consequently, the 27th International Congress of Onomastic Sciences, held in 2021 in Kraków, Poland, gathered scholars from all over the world, active in all subfields of onomastic enquiry, as well as those exploring the areas bordering on other disciplines of the humanities. It thus became a venue for presenting state-of-the-art research in the study of proper names, proposing novel approaches and opening new vistas for future research. The present work is the third of the three volumes of conference proceedings that are the fruit of the congress. Being the most diverse thematically, it contains contributions on the general and applied aspects of onomastics, onymy in literature and other cultural texts, and chrematonyms. It ends with two reports. The volume comprises 30 individual articles, contributed by 35 scholars. The first section, devoted to general and applied onomastics, features texts concerned with ever-interesting questions relevant to all practitioners of the discipline: the essence of properhood, the meaning of proper names, and onomastic terminology. Scholars whose papers focused on applied onomastics were interested in problems occasioned by the translation of onyms, by their pronunciation in cross-cultural contact, and by the use of exonyms, drawing for exemplification on the Hungarian, German and Czech language material respectively. Literary onomastics in its broad definition constitutes by far the largest part of the volume. Contributors to this section represent diverse literatures, including Scottish, Russian, Polish, Czech and Nigerian. The scope and internal subdivisions of literary onomastics are discussed and the activities of the Italian Society for Literary Onomastics are presented. The name Dracula is analysed in depth, and so is the Old Prussian onym Patollo. Some researchers take a step into the wider realm of culture. Their attention is attracted by the names of spirits in the beliefs adhered to in Southwest China, by the proper names in a medieval Scottish document, by the onyms that personify hunger in Italian wartime epistolography, and by toponyms in video games. The third section deals with chrematonyms as diverse as names of railway locomotives in Britain, logonyms in Slovakia and perfume names in a Slovak online shop. The naming patterns of Chinese restaurants in Czechia are studied too, as well as the names of travel agencies in Germany, Ukraine and Poland. Finally, the reader is presented with two reports. One outlines new tendencies in Nordic socio-onomastics, while the other presents the new paradigm in the publication of “Onoma”, the journal of the ICOS. The book is a must not only for onomasticians, but also for researchers in related disciplines, ranging from history, via human geography or philosophy of language, to social studies. However, professionals active in naming will find it useful as well, since it provides a much-needed supranational perspective and enables cross-cultural comparisons.

Onomastics has as its object the study of proper names. Literary onomastics is defined by Alvarez-Altman as follows: ‘Literary onomastics is a more specialized literary criticism in which scholars are concerned with the levels of significance of names in drama, poetry, fiction and folklore. These include names of places, characters, cosmic symbols, etcetera as they relate to theme, structure and other literary considerations.’ The focus in this article is largely on characterization through naming, a well-known literary device. The purpose is to establish whether and to what extent the folk-tale narrator of Xhosa iintsomi employs this technique. The impact of a literary work of art can be increased by using proper names, by concentrating on the evocative and connotative levels. Although not extremely rewarding for onomastic analysis, the iintsomi offer enough data to warrant a study of this nature. S. Afr. J. Afr. Lang. 1985, 5: 88–90

The author presents her monography 'Proper names in the world of text' (original language Russian) in which an integrative approach is proposed, based on principles of text linguistics, narrative theory and literary onomastics. The immediate environments of proper names (microtextology) on the one hand, and the whole text as a space for realization and functioning of proper names (macrotextology) on the other hand are investigated on the material of the modern Russian fiction. Some new concepts and terms have been introduced and interpreted: onymic information, onymic anticipation and retardation (as main text strategies of name introducing), deconstructive function of proper name in text (in addition to proper name functions defined by D. LAMPING). The concept of namelessness in fiction and different metamorphoses of names in slang are also discussed.

Proper names, including ethnonyms (folk, tribal and other ethnic community names), is an<br />essential component of any language lexis, which particularly brightly reveals a variety ofextralinguistic processes.<br />The aim of the paper is to analyze the conformity of ethnonym transonymization (the change of proper name class) and deonymization (the change of proper name into<br />appellative) in the culture of Latgale, and linguistic techniques and extralinguistic factors.<br />Linguo-culturological approach has been used in the research, and the link between cultural-<br />historical and social processes in the research of linguistic processes has been taken into<br />account. Determining the origin of ancient ethnonyms, the researchers of the Baltic languages<br />acknowledge a transonymization model typical to the Balts: hydronym → name of region<br />→ ethnonym (Zinkevičius 2005, 186–187). This paper attempts to reveal various ethnonym<br />(denoting mostly foreigners) transonymization models in the system of proper names of<br />Latgale, nominating motivation, and the types of word-formation.<br />It seems that the ethnonyms that denote the neighbouring nations (Estonians,<br />Lithuanians, Russians) most frequently turn into other proper names. Transonymization<br />models have been identifi ed as follows:<br />1) ethnonym → anthroponym → oikonym (or ethnonym → oikonym → anthroponym),<br />for example, l ī t a u n ī k i ‘the Lithuanians’ → L ī t a u n ī k s ‘a surname’ →<br />L ī t a u n ī k i ‘a village in Preiļi county’;<br />2) ethnonym → microtoponym, for example, ž y d i ‘the Jews’ → Ž y d a p ū r s<br />‘a marsh in Vārkava county’;<br />3) ethnonym → anthroponym, for example, č y g u o n i ‘the Roma people’ →<br />Č y g u o n s ‘a nickname for a dark-haired man’;<br />4) ethnonym (→ oikonym) → ergonym, for example, l a t g a ļ i ‘The Baltic tribe’ →<br />“L a t g a ļ i” ‘a farm in Mērdzene rural municipality of Kārsava county’.<br />Transonymization of ethnonyms in the culture of Latgale is motivated by historical<br />and social processes. Transonymization processes present the evidence of Latgalians’ stereotypical perception of foreigners, compact settlement of different ethnic groups in<br />Latgale, and historical events.<br />Various types of word-formation are used in the transonymization process:<br />1) semantic, i.e., only the meaning changes, the morphemic system of lexeme is notchanged, for example, ethnonym p o ļ a k i → oikonym P o ļ a k i (→ surname P o ļ a k s<br />(the male singular form of the ethnonym));<br />2) morphological, typically suffixes are added to ethnonyms (sometimes phonetic<br />changes in the root occur), for example, i g a u n i ‘the Estonians’ → surnames I k a u n ī k s<br />(ikaun-+-nīk-s); I g o v e n s (igov-+ - en-s);<br />3) syntactical, forming compound words, for example, the ethnonym k r ī v i<br />‘the Russians’ has motivated the oikonym K r ī v a s o l a <Krīva sola ‘Russian Village’,<br />K r ī v m a i z e s <Krīvu maizes ‘Russian bread’;<br />4) formation of analytical forms, where one of the components has ethnonymic<br />semantics and the second component is a nomenclature word (hill, meadow, marsh, lake,<br />etc.), for example, Ž y d a p ū r s ‘Jew’s marsh’, an attributive adjective, for example, a<br />village M a z i e L ī t a u n ī k i ‘small Lithuanians’, a substantive of other semantics, for<br />example, a meadow Č i g o n e i c a s j ū s t a ‘Gypsy’s belt’.<br />Proper names of foreign origin motivated by ethnonyms have taken their stable<br />place in the system of proper names of Latgale, for example, L a t i š i, a village in Pušmucova<br />rural municipality of Cibla civil-parish (in Russian латыши ‘the Latvians’).<br />Proper names of ethnonymic semantics, used to name various phenomena and<br />realities, are often included in the lexicon of various dialects of Latvian and even other<br />languages. If to assume the fact that ethnonyms are proper names, then it can be concluded<br />that the appellatives mentioned above have appeared in deonymization process: ethnonym<br />→ appellative. Moreover, the material of Latgalian dialects confirms the existence of deethnonymic<br />proper names, for example, a lot of different realities are associated with the<br />ethnonyms denoting Roma people: č y g u o n i ‘participants of masquerade parade’;<br />č y g o n k a 1) a sort of winter apples, the apple of this sort (dark green and red); 2) the railroad;<br />3) achimenes (flower, Achimenes); 4) mushrooms: wild champignon (Rozites caperata) or<br />ugly milkcap (Lactarius necator); č y g u o n a s a u l e ‘the moon’. Appellativeness of<br />ethnonyms has an associative character. The names are reflecting the Latgalians’ stereotypical<br />perception of appearance, occupation, character traits, and traditions of foreigners as alien<br />and different, however, acceptable and assimilable phenomena.

Abstract
 Background. The problem dealt with in this article is a relevant one as the role of a name have never stopped being great, the name define functions, appearance, meaning of a character in most books. Oles Honchar has decorated his novels with a number of names with obvious semantics and philosophical background. Oles Honchar’s novels are well-known in many countries and have been translated into numerous languages. The relevance of this article, thus, is preconditioned by the necessity to create the theoretical basis for the analysis of the novel content and to set the task of improving its translations into English and other languages. 
 Purpose. The aim of the article is to analyze the system of proper names in «Cathedral» and their mutual linguistic relations. To achieve this aim it is necessary to fulfil the following tasks: to accumulate the names used in the whole novel; to classify the main types of onyms in the novel; to describe their functions and mutual relations.
 Methods. The aim of the paper and its tasks define the choice of methods: descriptive which makes it possible to characterize the whole set of the onyms; classifying due to which it is possible to differentiate various types of onyms.
 Results and discussions. The choice of proper names is an important aspect of the analysis of any literary work. In addition to helping understand the character in question, proper names also help to convey important thematic aspects in various literary works. The selection of proper names is one of the features of the style used by authors to convey their thoughts, ideas, beliefs, etc. in literary works. The onyms of the novel were systematized. In total, the text of Oles Honchar’s novel «Cathedral» contains 367 proper names. Among them, about 48% are anthroponyms (177 proper names), 27% – toponyms (98 proper names), 6% – pragmatonyms (23 proper names), 5% – ergonyms (17 proper names), 5% – ideonyms names), 5% – mythonyms (17 proper names), 2% – anthropotoponyms (9 proper names), less than 2% – occasional use of common names in the sense of proper (7 proper names), less than 1% – zoonyms (1 zoonym). The two most numerous species are anthroponyms, i.e. all names of people, and toponyms, i.e. all names of places. 
 Conclusions. Having analysed the classification of proper names in Oles Honchar’s novel «Cathedral», we can say that the vast majority of onyms in the novel belong to the categories of anthroponyms and toponyms, and the rest can be divided into anthroponomic toponyms, ergonomics, zoonyms. The absolute predominance of anthroponyms and toponyms in the onomastic space of the novel, as well as the relatively high percentage of ideonyms, is explained by the involvement of world cultural experience, as well as specifically Ukrainian history and culture in its text. In addition, some anthroponyms and toponyms, as well as most pragmatonyms, create a certain coloring of the book. The prospects of the research are connected with the investigation of proper names translation.

Battle of Brenna or battle of old Bottocks? War and battle names in Polish fantasy novels Proper names are a very important element of language in every literary work, especially in fantasy novels. They compose a map of reality unknown to the reader but they also tell the story of imagined world. Chrononyms are an example of proper names which appear in fantasy novels. They are names of historical events. Names of wars and battles are often used in books written by Andrzej Sapkowski, Ewa Białołęcka, Anna Brzezińska, Feliks W. Kres and Krzysztof Piskorski. This publication analyses how writers create chrononyms, how similar to real chrononyms names of wars and battles in fantasy books are, and what functions they perform in novels.Key words: literary onomastics; proper name; chrononyms; names of wars; names of battles;

The aim of the article is to introduce a new term in the Latvian language – poetonīms ‘poetonym’ – which would give one name to a set of proper names of fiction, which are used both in other works of art and in the description of cultural and artistic developments, phenomena, images, both in general lexicon and special lexicon, including terminology. In the proper name system of the Latvian language, the place and usefulness of a new term, which names a well-known concept, a set of proper names from fiction, is identified, marked and explained. It covers not only the set of personal names, but is also related to other proper names – toponyms, ethnonyms, zoonyms, patronymics, matronymics, chrononyms, etc. The term poetonīms was not created in the Latvian language, it has parts of speech characteristic of internationalism, and it is introduced by referring to the works of the Ukrainian philologist Valery Kalinkin. Methodologically, the article is based on cognitive onomastics, which combines the theory of onomastics and the theory of cognitive linguistics. Cognitive onomastics analyses the functioning of proper names in the minds of language users, emphasising the existence of the lexical meaning of proper names alongside the pragmatic aspect. The term biblionīms ‘biblionym’ is also applied as the name of a related concept – a proper name that comes from the Bible.

Giving Things Their Proper Names: Carl Linnaeus and W. H. Auden

The article treats the concept of proper name in Juri Lotman’s semiotics, taking into account also studies in the same field by other authors of the Tartu-Moscow school (V. Ivanov, B. Ogibenin, V. Toporov, B. Uspenski). Focus is laid at three sub-topics: name and myth, name and text, name and artistic creation. One of the sources of treating proper name for both the program article by J. Lotman and B. Uspenski (“Myth — Name — Culture”), and works by several other semioticians of the Tartu–Moscow school is confidence in the connection between proper name and mythical (a-semiotic) thought: semiosis equals here with nomination. Proper name plurality, different re-namings affirm the continuing importance of mythical thinking in later culture. Proper names (such as personal names, place names) belong, in addition to natural language, also into a certain individual system, forming thus an interlinguistic layer located on the boundary of language. J. Lotman stresses that art has a specific power of uniting general and proper name (proper name characterized here by individuality, explosiveness). An artistic work is even doubly of proper name character: both the act of creation and its reception are by nature individual and unrepeated. In the opinion of the authors the treatment of proper name by the Tartu-Moscow school contains fruitful and promising standpoints for the analysis of contemporary culture that, however, have been applied unjustifiably little.

Introduction. This study is devoted to the research of Ukrainian anthroponyms of the 17th century, which are attested in the little-known Turkish historical source “Defter Mufassal 1681” Proper names of people within the range P – Peturus have been studied. Purpose. The aim of the study is to analyze proper names attested in “Defter Mufassal 1681”. To achieve this aim, a number of tasks have been set: 1) to identify Ukrainian anthroponyms of the 17th century from the “Defter Mufassal 1681”; 2) to analyze personal names and compare them with the modern Ukrainian anthroponymicon; 3) identify suffixes used to form derivative names/nicknames/surnames; 4) identify onyms that are still in use today as personal names and surnames; 5) identify partially preserved proper names; 6) to establish onyms that have not been identified at the present stage; 7) to analyze a fragment of the anthroponymy of the “Defter Mufassal 1681” and attempt to draw partial conclusions about the all-Ukrainian system of proper names. Research methods. The article uses descriptive methods and methods of analysis, systematization, and comparison. We can say that out of more than 150 names beginning with P – Peturus, the following have been identified: those that are still common today as first names and surnames; those that have been partially preserved, with some variants still in use today; and those that have not been found at the present stage. Research results. The practical value of the article lies in the fact that the identified and analyzed personal names have enriched the common Slavic anthroponymicon. The research revealed the peculiarities of anthroponymy identified in the Turkish monument “Defter Mufassal 1681”. In particular, this historical source attests to the use of surnames in Ukraine at the end of the 17th century. The list of anthroponyms represented within the range P – Peturus confirms that in the 17th century there was an extensive register of borrowed proper names that were adapted to the Ukrainian language; A wide range of suffixes (-ак, -ан, -ар, -ас, -аш, -енк(о), -ець, -ик, -ил(о), -ин, -ич, -иш, -ій, -к(о), -ук , -ун, -ур, -ус, уш, -ух(а) та інші), which were used to form derivative names/nicknames/surnames; The analyzed fragment of anthroponymy from the “Deftera Mufassala 1681” indicates that the system of Ukrainian proper names is historically and territorially unified.

This study is devoted to the investigation of Ukrainian anthroponyms ending in -аш, -ашко from the 17th century, which are attested in the little-known Turkish historical source Defter Mufassal 1681 The purpose of this study is to analyze the structure and formative bases of proper names in Defter Mufassal 1681, which were formed using the suffixes -аш, -ашко. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been set: 1) to identify Ukrainian anthroponyms of the 17th century from the Defter Mufassal 1681 that contain the formants -аш, -ашко; 2) to analyze proper names of people and compare them with the modern Ukrainian anthroponymicon; 3) to identify those onyms that are not recorded at the present stage. The article uses descriptive methods and methods of analysis, systematization, and comparison. This study is a continuation of a series of studies by the author. The study found that the analyzed fragment of anthroponymy from the Deftera Mufassala 1681 indicates that the system of Ukrainian proper names is historically and territorially unified. Proper names ending in -аш, -ашко already in the 17th century showed that such anthroponyms are unique identifiers of Ukrainians in Podillia, which is confirmed at the present stage. This study has restored an anthroponymicon that has been lost today, but thanks to a Turkish monument, a fragment of historical anthroponymy has been recreated. The isolated proper names ending in -аш, -ашко confirm that in the 17th century there was an extensive register of borrowed proper names that were adapted to the Ukrainian language and became the basis for surnames of these types. The motivational bases for anthroponyms ending in -аш and -ашко were mainly Christian names. The adaptation of canonical nouns took place through suffixation. It is promising that the newly discovered historical proper names of various types expand the database of Ukrainian anthroponymy in diachrony, which is of great importance for the development of Slavic onomastics, in particular anthroponymy.

The relationships between names and the literary imagination in Marcel Proust's Remembrance of Things Past are considered. In Remembrance, names are explored and interpreted by Proust, and the very process of this “deciphering” unfolds spectacular fictional worlds. Names are endowed with a “geological” dimension which the narrator scrutinizes. Starting from the external, phonetic aspect of proper names, he projects, spins off an entire universe. Challenging basic principles of lexicography, Proust deliberately “confuses” proper names’ basic property and makes them generate rich, luxuriant fictitious worlds. Characteristically, names open the Proustian gate of imagination.

This article is devoted to analyzing the use of onyms in the publicism of Ulas Samchuk. The study is based on his memoir On a White Horse, published in the Bronebiina Publitsystyka series. Given that U. Samchuk’s name was long silenced and his works remain relatively underexplored—particularly from a linguistic perspective—the chosen topic is both relevant and timely. Examining the onymicon in Samchuk’s works not only contributes to a broader understanding of literary onomastics but also deepens our insight into the processes of image formation in his writing. The aim of this study is to identify the specific role of onyms as vivid linguistic and expressive tools in Samchuk’s publicistic legacy. Accordingly, the object of analysis is onyms as components of the onomastic space, while the subject is the particularities of their linguistic function within the publicistic text. A functional-stylistic approach was chosen to analyze the means of artistic onomastics. Various types of onyms—such as toponyms, choronyms, ergonyms, ideonyms, and others—are considered, all skillfully integrated into the narrative fabric of Samchuk’s writing. Drawing on the works of D. Buchko, V. Kalinkin, O. and Yu. Karpenko, M. Torchynsky, and others, the proper names used in the text are systematized and their functional roles defined. The study identifies several key functions of onyms in Samchuk’s writing, including nominative, informative, and ideological roles, along with evaluative, aesthetic, and expressive functions. These findings confirm that proper names serve as a significant stylistic element in his publicistic style. It is established that onyms not only constitute a substantial portion of the lexical inventory of the work but also reflect the writer’s intellectual capacity, broad erudition, and educational background. These observations allow us to assert that onyms are a distinctive feature of Samchuk’s idiostyle in autobiographical publicism, functioning as a vivid and figurative component in his texts. Future research may explore the use of onyms in his other works, expanding the study beyond literary onomastics to include cognitive aspects such as conceptualization and categorization.