Abstract
This paper describes tests of 44 heavy-duty concrete anchors of various types. These include cast-in-place headed and wire-form anchors, postinstalled undercut bolts, and torque-controlled and adhesive anchors. The anchors were embedded from 8 to 19 in. (200 to 480 mm) with failure loads up to 170 kips (760 kN). Four types of failure mechanisms were observed: steel anchor rod yielding, adhesive bond failure, pull-through, and concrete cone. The concrete cone failures were of particular interest and are evaluated in detail in the paper. Evaluation of the concrete cone failures includes a comparison with methods in ACI 349 Appendix B and also with the recently published concrete capacity design (CCD) method. Discrepancies between the test results and these two prediction methods are discussed. Special attention is paid to the contribution to anchor capacity from the preload of postinstalled undercut bolts, bond of cast-in-place anchors, and the effect of anchor head size.
Published Version
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