Abstract
ABSTRACT Spiders are generalist predators and present a high diversity of capturing and foraging, as well as considerable species richness in tropical habitats. Although, generally, not presenting specific relations to the host plant, they can be influenced by its phenology, structure and resource availability. So, this study analyzed temporal variation on the structure and composition of Araneae assemblage in Callisthene fasciculata (Spr.) Mart. (Vochysiaceae) canopies, in an area of monodominant vegetation, in the periods of high water, receding water, dry season and rising water in Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The collection was performed on 24 individuals of C. fasciculata, six in each seasonal period, in 2010 and 2011, making use of canopy fogging with insecticide. For that, ten nylon funnels were distributed under each canopy of C. fasciculata individuals, in a total of 240 m² of sampled canopies. In all, 3,610 spiders were collected and distributed in 24 families and 55 species. Anyphaenidae (43.3%; 6.5 ind./m2), Pisauridae (16.2%; 2.4 ind./m2), Araneidae (12.7%; 1.9 ind./m2) and Salticidae (12.4%; 1.9 ind./m2) were the most representative. Osoriella tahela Brescovit, 1998 was the most abundant species (12.2%). The nocturnal aerial runners of foliage (45.6%; 6.9 ind./m2), nocturnal aerial ambushers of foliage (17.3%; 2.6 ind./m2), aerial orb weavers (13.3%; 2.0 ind./m2) and the diurnal aerial runners of foliage (12.5%; 1.9 ind./m2) spiders represented the most abundant guilds. Significant differences were observed in the composition of families and behavioral guilds, as well as abundance and richness among seasonal periods. The assemblage showed the highest abundance in receding water and highest species richness in high water period, probably related to the hydrologic cycle of the area and its influence on C. fasciculata phenology, indicating the importance of this plant species for spider’s diversity maintenance in the Pantanal.
Highlights
Este estudo analisou a variação temporal na estrutura e composição da assembleia de aranhas em copas de Callisthene fasciculata (Spr.) Mart. (Vochysiaceae) em área de vegetação monodominante, ao longo dos períodos de cheia, vazante, seca e enchente na região norte do Pantanal de Mato Grosso, Brasil
The assemblage of spiders in canopies of C. fasciculata varies as a function of the seasonal periods, demonstrating
The greatest variations were found to be in relation to the terrestrial and aquatic stages, which are distinct because of the periodicity of alterations in the hydrological regimen (Heckman, 1998). These variations characterize the marked seasonality present in the Pantanal biome of Mato Grosso, which greatly influences the structure of habitats and the fauna that makes use of them (Junk et al, 1989, 2006; Battirola et al, 2009, 2016; Nunes-da-Cunha & Junk, 2014)
Summary
A assembleia apresentou maior abundância na vazante e maior riqueza de espécies no período de cheia, provavelmente relacionadas com o ciclo hidrológico da região e sua influência sobre a fenologia de C. fasciculata, indicando a importância desta espécie vegetal para a manutenção da diversidade de aranhas no Pantanal. The present study, developed in a monodominant vegetation formation typical of the northern region of the Pantanal biome of Mato Grosso State, Brazil, evaluates (i) the composition and behavioral guilds of the assemblage of spiders associated with canopies of Callisthene fasciculata (Spr.) Mart. The present study, developed in a monodominant vegetation formation typical of the northern region of the Pantanal biome of Mato Grosso State, Brazil, evaluates (i) the composition and behavioral guilds of the assemblage of spiders associated with canopies of Callisthene fasciculata (Spr.) Mart. (Vochysiaceae); and (ii) the temporal variation in the composition, abundance and richness of this assemblage throughout the seasonal periods (high water, receding water, dry season, and rising water), during a single annual hydrologic cycle, in the northern region of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil
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