Temporal evolution of newly diagnosed and late syphilis prevalence: a notification analysis over the past 10 years in the state of Tocantins and the northern region of Brazil

Abstract

Syphilis, a sexually or vertically transmitted pathology during gestation, represents a significant threat to maternal and child health. The absence of early diagnosis during pregnancy can result in vertical transmission, leading to recent or late congenital syphilis, both associated with severe sequelae and potentially fatal outcomes for the newborn. This study aimed to analyze epidemiological data regarding cases of gestational syphilis in the State of Tocantins, comparing them with the Northern region of Brazil over the last decade. The results revealed that, despite awareness initiatives in primary care, cases of recent congenital syphilis remain prevalent, with the years 2017 and 2018 recording the highest notification rates. It is concluded that the increase in the prevalence of recently diagnosed syphilis signals the need for improvement in health policies in Tocantins and the Northern region. The importance of early screening during prenatal care is emphasized, highlighting that accurate diagnosis and effective treatment can exempt the pregnant woman and the baby from potential future sequelae.