Abstract

Frequent pandemic alerts were raised by the World Health Organization in response to newly emerging influenza strains. This minireview highlights the dynamic alterations in the viral adaptability resulted from antigenic drift and reassortment that enable flu virus to escape recognition by the host immune system and neutralization by antibodies produced in preceding infections or vaccinations.

Highlights

  • According to the American Telemedicine Association, “Telemedicine” is the exchange of medical information from one site to another using electronic communication, such as telephone, internet, or videoconference

  • We demonstrated that using telestroke for six months, we had a timesaving of about 60-90 minutes to start thrombolysis

  • Telestroke is a new approach to bringing expert stroke care to remote locations, with limited or no neurological expertise

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Summary

Introduction

According to the American Telemedicine Association, “Telemedicine” is the exchange of medical information from one site to another using electronic communication, such as telephone, internet, or videoconference. The use of telestroke across the United States and Canada occurred in the late 1990s and early 2000s, but in Italy it comes later. It is one of the most frequently used and rapidly expanding applications of telemedicine, delivering much-needed stroke expertise to hospitals and patients. Starting more than forty years ago, with the experience of hospitals that have extended their assistance to patients in remote areas, the use of telemedicine has spread rapidly and is fully integrating into routine operations of hospitals, specialized departments, medical private and private care facilities [3].

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