Technologies for production of green hydrogen and hydrogen based synthetic fuels

Abstract

Hydrogen is an essential material/fuel for industry and energy conversion. The processes for producing hydrogen depend on the raw materials and energy source used. In terms of climate impacts, the most promising hydrogen production method is water electrolysis. The regenerative electrolysis process depends on the carbon intensity of the electricity and the efficiency of converting that electricity into hydrogen. The development of technologies to extract hydrogen (from conventional and renewable resources) tends to optimise the water electrolysis process using renewable energies by extending material durability, increasing performance efficiency, and reducing precious metal contents in catalysts, thereby lowering the production costs. The article introduces the latest advances in green hydrogen production technologies using renewable energies, particularly focusing on water and seawater electrolysis, combining electrolysis and solar energy as well as hydrogen-based synthetic fuel production, hydrogen production from biomass and biogas.