Abstract
Designing tariff systems in public passenger transport is a complex issue of optimization by means of satisfying the wants and needs of all the engaged parties. An integrated passenger transport system (IPTS) stands for the concept of organization and management of public passenger transport based on a uniform tariff system. The issue of transport disadvantage of certain peri-urban and rural areas is the result of poorly organized transport systems. Social and spatial isolation in the framework of mobility is partly the fault of the way in which tariff systems have been designed with no regard to the social factors of the engaged parties for which such systems are designed – its users. Special emphasis in the research of tariff systems is placed on resolving issues of designing tariff zones, maximizing social welfare, transport equity, and transport disadvantage. An outline of the existing research and a review of literature concerning tariffs in integrated passenger transport systems is given, and proposals are put forward for future research due to the need for designing socially beneficial tariff systems, which would eliminate social exclusion, i.e., the transport disadvantage of individuals or parts of society.
Highlights
Public passenger transport stands for the provision of a social service of transporting passengers from the point of origin to the point of destination
An integrated passenger transport system (IPTS) stands for the concept of organization and management of public passenger transport based on a uniform tariff system
Min of total travel cost party: (1) a simple and quick way of paying for services and checking-in in the system, (2) ensuring organizational requirements and the development of the IPTS, (3) ensuring a clear distribution of profit between the operators and checking the transport service impact, (4) gathering statistical data about the system, (5) improving the accessibility of public transport and ensuring the development of tariffs based on the optimal cost for the provided transport service, (6) reducing operational expenses, (7) ensuring a high level of system security, and (8) reducing the number of non-paying passengers – passengers who have not paid the fare
Summary
Public passenger transport stands for the provision of a social service of transporting passengers from the point of origin to the point of destination. The uniform tariff system in IPTS is a set of principles based on which fares are offered for transport services provided by all operators included in the system The design of such a system is characterized by the principles of uniformity, zonality, and degressivity. Fare is degressive, i.e., it becomes proportionately cheaper with distance, meaning that passengers traveling longer distances will pay less than the ones traveling over shorter distances or crossing fewer tariff zones, regardless of price per kilometer It can be stated with some certainty that such a system is the backbone of a model for generating and distributing profit. Tariff systems in IPTS determine the zones of the encompassed area based on which fares are calculated for the uniform transport service provided. Transport equity and care for peri-urban and rural areas would prevent their transport disadvantage and eliminate the need to utilize private vehicles for mobility
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